Heterogeneous vs. Homogeneous Mixtures

The terms heterogeneous and homogeneous refer to mixtures of materials in chemistry. The difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures is the degree to which the materials are mixed together and the uniformity of their composition. A homogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components that make up the mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture. The composition of the mixture is the same throughout. There is only one phase of matter observed in a homogeneous mixture. So, you wouldnt observe both a liquid and a gas or a liquid and a solid in a homogeneous mixture. 1:43 Watch Now: What's the Difference Between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous? Homogeneous Mixture Examples There are several examples of homogeneous mixtures encountered in everyday life: AirSugar waterRainwaterVodkaVinegarDishwashing detergentSteel You cant pick out components of a homogeneous mixture or use a simple mechanical means to separate them. You cant see individual chemicals or ingredients in this type of mixture. Only one phase of matter is present in a homogeneous mixture. A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components of the mixture are not uniform or have localized regions with different properties. Different samples from the mixture are not identical to each other. There are always two or more phases in a heterogeneous mixture, where you can identify a region with properties that are distinct from those of another region, even if they are the same state of matter (e.g., liquid, solid). Heterogeneous Mixture Examples Heterogeneous mixtures are more common than homogeneous mixtures. Examples include: Cereal in milkVegetable soupPizzaBloodGravelIce in sodaSalad dressingMixed nutsBowl of colored candiesSoil Usually, its possible to physically separate components of a heterogeneous mixture. For example, you can centrifuge (spin out) solid blood cells to separate them from the plasma of blood. You can remove ice cubes from soda. You can separate candies according to color. Telling Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures Apart Mostly, the difference between the two types of mixtures is a matter of scale. If you look closely at sand from a beach, you can see the different components, such as shells, coral, sand, and organic matter. Its a heterogeneous mixture. If, however, you view a large volume of sand from a distance, its impossible to discern the different types of particles. The mixture is homogeneous. This can seem confusing! To identify the nature of a mixture, consider its sample size. If you can see more than one phase of matter or different regions in the sample, it is heterogeneous. If the composition of the mixture appears uniform no matter where you sample it, the mixture is homogeneous.

Change Is the Only Constant - 1006 Words

ASSIGNMENT –II (Quality Management) â€Å"Change is the only constant† ASSIGNED BY: SUBMITTED BY: RUPAM BARUAH BARSHA DUTTA ASSAM INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT â€Å"Change is the only constant† Life is continuously changing. People move, children grow up, careers change, health is compromised, people gain their health back, the climate changes, and life cycles begin and end. Whether a person can adapt to these changes and become a proactive participant in a constantly changing world is a key component in â€Å"full†¦show more content†¦The crying that worked well as an infant does not work nearly as well for the toddler. Adolescence is that period between childhood and adulthood during which time our perceptions change and it frightens most of us as we struggle through it. On the other side of adolescence is where adulthood and maturity awaits. Having enough life experience and increasing our ability to keep an open mind will allow for the natural maturing process to occur. However, keep in mind there can be snags along the way. It is the purpose of this article to introduce the concept of maturity and the topic of Universal Axioms. Then you will begin to be abl e to identify what areas of your life lack this maturity. You will then be given the tools to create a path for yourself that will pull you out of your immaturity and into a life of change and open-mindedness. This will ultimately lead you to a happier more fulfilling life. SOURCE:Show MoreRelatedChange Is the Only Constant991 Words   |  4 Pages(Quality Management) â€Å"Change is the only constant† ASSIGNED BY: SUBMITTED BY: RUPAM BARUAH BARSHA DUTTA ASSAM INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT â€Å"Change is the only constant† Life is continuously changing. People move, children grow up, careers change, health is compromisedRead MoreEssay on Chapter 1 Business Now: Change Is the Only Constant1665 Words   |  7 PagesChapter One Business Now: Change Is the Only Constant Review Questions What factors contribute to the rapid pace of change in business? Is the pace likely to accelerate or decrease over the next decade? Why? Financial Institutions got a bailout By President Obama in 2009, Mortgage values dropped, financial institutions begin to Feel the pressure especially firms such as Bear Stearns that specialized in trading Mortgage backed securities. There was $61.7bn in losses withRead MoreArguments Against Constant Pursuit Of Change985 Words   |  4 Pages Arguments against constant pursuit of change Name Institution Introduction For any organization, new or experienced in an industry, the major aim and goal is to stay in the market longer. 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Problem 2: The temperature of an ideal gas at an initial pressure p1 and volume V1 is increased at constant volume until the pressure is doubled. The gas is then expanded isothermally until the pressure drops to its original value, where it is compre ssed at constant pressure untilRead MoreSlaughterhouse Five, By Kurt Vonnegut1655 Words   |  7 Pagesnot able to control or change the outcome of his events. These events are predestined for him by his fate controlled by some unnamed supernatural power. The challenge is to make sense of the possibility of Billy Pilgrim’s time travelling in the real world for the non-fantastical thinkers. The distorted view of Billy Pilgrim’s life is explained when it is examined as a recording of a past life already lived being seen for him at different sequences. Because Billy cannot change his past life, he needsRead MoreProject 1 Essay691 Words   |  3 PagesAsteroid belt. 6. 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Forrest Gump Chapter Six Free Essays

string(66) " the brush towards Charlie Company, cause I scared outta my wits\." Chapter Six That night was long an uncomfortable. We couldn’t fly our airplanes, so’s they got to shell us most of the evenin for free. They was a little saddle between two ridges, an they was on one ridge an we on the other, an down in the saddle was where the dispute were takin place – tho what anybody would want with that piece of mud an dirt, I do not know. We will write a custom essay sample on Forrest Gump Chapter Six or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, Sergeant Kranz have said to us time an again that we was not brought over here to understand what is goin on, only to do what we is tole. Pretty soon, Sergeant Kranz come up an start tellin us what to do. He says we has got to move the machine gun about fifty meters aroun to the lef of a big ole tree stickin up in the middle of the saddle, an fine a good safe place to put it so’s we is not all blowed away. From what I can see an hear, anyplace, includin where we presently are, is not safe, but to go down in that saddle is goddamn absurd. However, I am tryin to do the right thing. Me an Bones, the machine gunner, an Doyle, another ammo bearer, an two other guys crawl out of our holes an start to moving down the little slope. Halfway down, the gooks see us an commence to shootin with they own machine gun. Fore anything bad happens, tho, we has scrambled down the slope an into the jungle. I cannot remember how far a meter is exactly, but it almost the same as a yard, so when we get near the big tree, I say to Doyle, â€Å"Maybe we better move lef,† an he look at me real hard-like, an growl, â€Å"Shut you ass, Forrest, they is gooks here.† Sure nuf, they was six or eight gooks squattin under the big ole tree, havin they lunch. Doyle take a han grenade an pull the pin an sort of lob it into the air toward the tree. It blowed up fore it hit the groun an they is all sorts of wild chatterin from where the gooks is – then Bones open up with the machine gun an me an the two other guys heave in a couple more han grenades for good measure. All of th at gone down in just a minute or so, an when it come quiet again, we be on our way. We foun a place to put the gun an stayed there till it got dark – an all night long, too, but nothin happen. We could hear all sorts of shit goin on everplace else, but we be lef to ourselfs. Sunup come, an we hungry an tired, but there we is. Then a runner come from Sergeant Kranz who say Charlie Company is goin to start movin into the saddle soon as our airplanes have totally wiped out the gooks there, which is to be in a few minutes. Sure enough, the planes come an drop they shit an everthin get exploded an wipe out all the gooks. We can see Charlie Company movin off the ridge line, comin down into the saddle, but no sooner does they get over the edge of the ridge an start strugglin along the slope, than all the weapons in the world commence to shootin at Charlie Company an droppin mortars an all, an it is terrible confusion. From where we is, we cannot see any gooks, on account of the jungle is thick as bonfire brush, but somebody sure be in there shootin at Charlie Company. Maybe it the Dutch – or even the Norwegians – who knows? Bones, the machine gunner, lookin extremely nervous durin all this, on accounta he’s already figgered out that the shootin is comin from in front of us, meanin that the gooks is in between us an our own position. In other words, we is out here alone. Sooner or later, he says, if the gooks do not overrun Charlie Company, they will come back this way, an if they find us here, they will not like it one bit. Point is, we got to move our asses. We get our shit together an begin to work back towards the ridge, but as we do, Doyle suddenly look down off our right to the bottom of the saddle an he see an entire busload of new gooks, armed to the teeth, movin up the hill towards Charlie Company. Best thing we coulda done then was to try an make friends with em an forget all this other shit, but that were not in the cards. So we jus hunkered down in some big ole shrubs an waited till they got to the top of the hill. Then Bones let loose with the machine gun and he must of kilt ten or fifteen of them gooks right off. Doyle an me an the other two guys is thowin grenades, an things is goin our way until Bones runs out of ammo an need a fresh belt. I feed one in for him, but just as he bout to sqeeze the trigger, a gook bullet hit him square in the head an blowed it inside out. He lyin on the ground, han still holdin to the gun for dear life, which he does not have any more of now. Oh God, it were awful – an gettin worst. No tellin what them gooks would of done if they caught us. I call out to Doyle to come here, but they is no answer. I jerk the machine gun from po ole Bones’ fingers an squirm over to Doyle, but he an the two other guys layin there shot. They dead, but Doyle still breathin, so’s I grap him up an thow him over my shoulder like a flour sack an start runnin thru the brush towards Charlie Company, cause I scared outta my wits. You read "Forrest Gump Chapter Six" in category "Essay examples" I runnin for maybe twenty yards an bullets wizzin all aroun me from behin, an I figger I be shot in the ass for sure. But then I crash thru a canebreak an come upon a area with low grass an to my surprise it is filled with gooks, lyin down, lookin the other way, an shootin at Charlie Company – I guess. Now what do I do? I got gooks behin me, gooks in front of me an gooks right under my feet. I don’t know what else to do, so I charge up full speed an start to bellowin an howlin an all. I sort of lose my head, I guess, cause I don’t remember what happen nex cept I still be bellowin an hollerin loud as I can an runnin for dear life. Everthin were completely confused, an then all of a sudden I am in the middle of Charlie Company an everbody be slappin me on the back jus like I made a touchdown. It seem like I done frightened off the gooks an they hightail it back to wherever they live. I put down Doyle on the groun an the medics come an start fixin him up, an pretty soon the Charlie Company commander come up to me an start pumpin my han an tellin me what a good fellow I am. Then he say, â€Å"How in hell did you do that, Gump?† He be waitin for a answer, but I don’t know how I done it mysef, so I says, â€Å"I got to pee† – which I did. The company commander look at me real strange, an then look at Sergeant Kranz, who had also come up, an Sergeant Kranz say, â€Å"Oh, for Chrissakes Gump, come with me,† an he take me behin a tree. That night Bubba an me meet up an share a foxhole an eat our C-rations for supper. Afterward, I get out my harmonica Bubba had gave me an we play a few tunes. It sound real eerie, there in the jungle, playin â€Å"Oh Suzanna† an â€Å"Home on the Range.† Bubba got a little box of candy his mama have sent him – pralines an divinity – an we both ate some. An let me tell you this – that divinity sure brung back some memories. Later on, Sergeant Kranz come over an axe me where is the ten-gallon can of drinkin water. I tole him I done lef it out in the jungle when I was tryin to carry in Doyle an the machine gun. For a minute I think he gonna make me go back out there an get it, but he don’t. He jus nod, an say that since Doyle is hurt an Bones is kilt, now I got to be the machine gunner. I axe him who gonna carry the tri-pod an the ammo an all, an he say I got to do that too, cause nobody else lef to do it. Then Bubba say he’ll do it, if he can get transferred to our company. Sergeant Kranz think bout that for a minute, an then he say it can probly be arranged, since there is not enough lef of Charlie Company to clean a latrine anyway. An so it was, Bubba an me is together again. The weeks go by so slow I almost think time passin backwards. Up one hill, down the other. Sometimes they be gooks on the hills, sometimes not. Sergeant Kranz say everthing okay tho, cause actually we be marchin back to the United States. He say we gonna march outta Vietnam, thru Laos an then up across China an Russia, up to the North Pole an across the ice to Alaska where our mamas can come pick us up. Bubba says don’t pay no attention to him cause he’s a idiot. Things is very primative in the jungle – no place to shit, sleep on the groun like a animal, eat outta cans, no place to take a bath or nothin, clothes is all rottin off too. I get a letter once a week from my mama. She say everthing fine at home, but that the highschool ain’t won no more championships since I done lef. I write her back too, when I can, but what I’m gonna tell her that won’t start her to bawlin again? So I jus say we is havin a nice time an everbody treatin us fine. One thing I done tho, was I wrote a letter to Jenny Curran in care of my mama an axe if she can get Jenny’s folks to send it to her – wherever she is. But I ain’t heard nothin back. Meantime, Bubba an me, we has got us a plan for when we get outta the Army. We gonna go back home an get us a srimp boat an get in the srimpin bidness. Bubba come from Bayou La Batre, an work on srimp boats all his life. He say maybe we can get us a loan an we can take turns bein captain an all, an we can live on the boat an will have somethin to do. Bubba’s got it all figgered out. So many pounds of srimp to pay off the loan on the boat, so much to pay for gas, so much for what we eat an such, an all the rest is left for us to ass aroun with. I be picherin it in my head, standin at the wheel of the srimp boat – or even better, settin there on the back of the boat eatin srimp! But when I tell Bubba bout that, he say, â€Å"Goddamn, Forrest, your big ass’ll eat us outta house an home. We don’t be eatin none of the srimp afore we start makin a profit.† Okay, that make sense – it all right with me. It commenced rainin one day an did not stop for two months. We went thru ever different kind of rain they is, cep’n maybe sleet or hail. It was little tiny stingin rain sometimes, an big ole fat rain at others. It came sidewise an straight down an sometimes even seem to come up from the groun. Nevertheless, we was expected to do our shit, which was mainly walkin up an down the hills an stuff lookin for gooks. One day we foun them. They must of been holdin a gook convention or somethin, cause it seem like the same sort of deal as when you step on a anthill and they all come swarmin aroun. We cannot fly our planes in this kind of stuff either, so in about two minutes or so, we is back in trouble again. This time they has caught us with our pants down. We is crossin this rice paddy an all of a sudden from everwhere they start thowin shit at us. People is shoutin and screamin an gettin shot an somebody says, â€Å"Fall back!† Well, I pick up my machine gun an start running alongside everbody else for some palm trees which at least look like they might keep the rain offen us. We has formed a perimeter of sorts an is gettin ready to start preparin for another long night when I lookaroun for Bubba an he ain’t there. Somebody say Bubba was out in the rice paddy an he is hurt, an I say, â€Å"Goddamn,† an Sergeant Kranz, he hear me, an say, â€Å"Gump, you can’t go out there.† But shit on that – I leave the machine gun behind cause it jus be extra weight, an start pumpin hard for where I last seen Bubba. But halfway out I nearly step on a feller from 2nd platoon who is mighty hurt, an he look up at me with his han out, an so I think, shit, what can I do? so I grap him up an run back with him fast as I can. Bullets an stuff be flyin all over. It is somethin I simply cannot understand – why in hell is we doin all this, anyway? Playin football is one thing. But this, I do not know why. Goddamn. I brung that boy back an run out again an damn if I don’t come across somebody else. So I reach down to pick him up an bring him back, too, but when I do, his brains fall out on the paddy groun, cause the back of his head blowed off. Shit. So I drop his ass an kep on goin an sure enough, there is Bubba, who is been hit twice in the chest, an I say, â€Å"Bubba, it gonna be okay, you hear, cause we gotta get that srimp boat an all,† an I carry him back to where we is set up an layed him on the groun. When I catch my breath, I look down an my shirt all covered with blood an bluish yeller goo from where Bubba is hurt, an Bubba is lookin up at me, an he say, â€Å"Fuck it, Forrest, why this happen?† Well, what in hell am I gonna say? Then Bubba axe me, â€Å"Forrest, you play me a song on the harmonica?† So I get it out, an start playin somethin – I don’t even know what, an then Bubba say, â€Å"Forrest, would you please play ‘Way Down Upon the Swanee River’?† an I say, â€Å"Sure, Bubba.† I have to wipe off the mouthpiece, an then I start to play an there is still a terrible lot of shootin goin on, an I know I ought to be with my machine gun, but what the hell, I played that song. I hadn’t noticed it, but it had quit rainin an the sky done turned a awful pinkish color. It made everbody’s face look like death itsef, an for some reason, the gooks done quit shootin for a wile, an so had we. I played â€Å"Way Down Upon the Swanee River† over an over again, kneelin nex to Bubba wile the medic give him a shot an tend to him best he could. Bubba done grapped a holt to my leg an his eyes got all cloudy an that terrible pink sky seem to drain all the color in his face. He was tryin to say somethin, an so I bent over real close to hear what it was. But I never coud make it out. So I axed the medic, â€Å"You hear what he say?† An the medic say, â€Å"Home. He said, home.† Bubba, he died, an that’s all I got to say bout that. The rest of the night was the worst I have ever known. They was no way they could get any hep to us, since it begun stormin again. Them gooks was so close we could hear them talkin with each other, an at one point it was han to han fightin in the 1st platoon. At dawn, they call in a napalm airplane, but it drop the shit damn near right on top of us. Our own fellers be all singed an burnt up – come runnin out into the open, eyes big as biscuits, everbody cussin an sweatin an scared, woods set on fire, damn near put the rain out! Somewhere in all this, I got mysef shot, an, as luck would have it, I was hit in the ass. I can’t even remember it. We was all in awful shape. I don’t know what happened. Everthing all fouled up. I jus left the machine gun. I didn’t give a shit no more. I went to a place back of a tree an jus curl up an start cryin. Bubba gone, srimp boat gone; an he the only friend I ever had – cept maybe Jenny Curran, an I done mess that up too. Wadn’t for my mama, I might as well of jus died right there – of ole age or somethin, whatever – it didn’t matter. After a wile, they start landin some relief in heliocopters, and I guess the napalm bomb have frightened away the gooks. They must of figgered that if we was willing to do that to ourselfs, then what the hell would we of done to them? They takin the wounded outta there, when along come Sergeant Kranz, hair all singed off, clothes burnt up, looking like he jus got shot out of a cannon. He say, â€Å"Gump, you done real good yesterday, boy,† an then he axe me if I want a cigarette. I say I don’t smoke, an he nod. â€Å"Gump,† he says, â€Å"you are not the smartest feller I have ever had, but you is one hell of a soldier. I wish I had a hundrit like you.† He axe me if it hurt, an I say no, but that ain’t the truth. â€Å"Gump,† he say, â€Å"you is goin home, I guess you know that.† I axe him where is Bubba, an Sergeant Kranz look at me kind of funny. â€Å"He be along directly,† he says. I axed if I can ride on the same heliocopter with Bubba, an Sergeant Kranz say, no, Bubba got to go out last, cause he got kilt. They had stuck me with a big needle full of some kind of shit that made me feel better, but I remember, I reached up an grapped Sergeant Kranz by the arm, an I say, â€Å"I ain’t never axed no favors afore, but would you put Bubba on the heliocopter yoursef, an make sure he get there okay?† â€Å"Sure, Gump,† he say. â€Å"What the hell – we will even get him accommodations in first class.† How to cite Forrest Gump Chapter Six, Essay examples

Electronic Commerce and Social Commerce †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Electronic Commerce and Social Commerce. Answer: Introduction: Telstra Group being the telecommunication company has the asset classes of Land and site improvements, telecommunication assets, building and other property, plant and equipment. It applies straight line method depreciation on all the asset classes over the estimated useful life of the respective assets. Depreciation is not charged on those assets which are still in construction and are not ready for use. Depreciation is also calculated on leased assets over the term of the lease as per the latest AASB 16. The below table shows the useful life being considered in the company.(Ian, 2017) As per this, building falls under the useful life class of 4-48 years, communication equipments under 2-57 years and PPE under 4-20 years. These may change depending upon the assessment of useful (Annual Report, Telstra, 2017, pp 97) life being made by the management each year based on the international standards being followed in other telecommunication companies and in caser of communication equipments, technological obsolescence is also taken into consideration. In case the life needs to be changed, the revised depreciation is taken in the books on a prospective basis from the change year till the residual life is left including the current year. The impact of this was $84 MN in 2016 as compared to $166Mn in 2015. This can have a huge bearing on the financial profits of the year as the amount is material and it is one of the management estimates being taken into consideration here.(Downes, Mervin, Byrnes, Scuffham, 2017) In case of TPG telecom limited, depreciation policy is almost the same as was in Telstra Group, here the asset classes are categorized under the category Network Infrastructure, Land and building and Leasehold improvements. Here again, depreciation is charged on the straight line basis over the period of estimated useful life of the asset. Furthermore, depreciation will be charged on both the operating and finance leased assets as per AASB 16.(Curwen Whalley, 2017) The estimated life in case of TPG is estimated to be 3-35 yrs. for Network infrastructure, 40 years straightaway for building and 8 years for Leasehold (Annual Report, TPG Telecom, 2017, pp 50) improvement. An assessment of change in depreciation policy and estimated life, if any, is visited annually. Impact on Profitability: Based on the policies of depreciation in 2 companies, we can say that there though the disclosures are more in Telstra financials but it has a huge scope of manipulation of the profits based on the estimation of useful life and revision of policy, the impact of which can be seen in the last 2 years. In case of TPG, the policy is flat, but the disclosure is not adequate as the basis on which the revision of the useful life can be done hasnt been shown. However, on the hind side the chances of manipulation in its accounts is far more less.(Bena, Ferraira, Matos, Pires, 2017) This is an extract of depreciation expense for the year 2015 and 2016 for Telstra Group. (Annual Report, Telstra, 2017, pp 97) This is an extract of depreciation expense for the year 2015 and 2016 for TPG telecom limited. (Annual Report, TPG Telecom, 2017, pp 49) Analysis and Explanation on Inventory Valuation Telstra Group is valuing the inventories as per the IFRS standard i.e., lower of the net realisable value and the cost incurred. The cost is being determined using the weighted average cost method and the net realisable value is estimated selling price less cost incurred upfront and cost incurred as selling, distribution and marketing expenses to bring the same into the saleable condition. It uses the concept of fair value less the estimated cost of disposing it. However, in case of the construction contracts the net realisable value is amount expected to be earned from its use in the future. The finished goods here comprises those goods which are saleable within one year and also the spare parts to be used in maintaining the telecommunication networks. The company also procures some strategic inventories to be used for maintenance of long lasting network assets. The construction work in progress inventory implies the differential amount for progress billing less related costs and profits thereon recognised. The standard assumption here used by the management is to arrive at the net realisable value (Annual Report, Telstra, 2017, pp 106) which they determine using the future expected selling price of the contract taking into consideration both the future and current technological developments. (Turban, Whiteside, King, Outland, 2017) In case of the TPG Telecom Ltd., inventory in the books is valued at the lower of net realisable value and the cost incurred on the same. Net realisable value here is stated as the difference between the Estimated price of selling and estimated selling price to be incurred on it in the normal ordinary course of affairs. Further, in case the company acquires any other company via business combination, inventory would be valued using the fair value method, which again is estimated selling value less estimated cost incurred in normal business course.(Boccia Leonardi, 2016) Impact on Profitability: From the disclosure perspective, again Telstra is on positive side as it has almost mentioned all the possible break up and their method of valuation. From the profitability perspective, inventory can have major impact on the assets side when technological essence is taken into consideration and estimation of inventory value is done. Profits can be declined in case inventory is impaired materially due to huge technological changes and innovations, due to which the taxes will also have a downward increase resulting in less cash flow for the organization. (Capaldi, Idowu, Schmidpeter, 2017) Telstra Group categorizes its intangibles majorly into 4 categories: Goodwill, internally generated intangibles, acquired intangibles and deferred revenue expenditure. Goodwill is generally recognised at cost in a business combination or takeover (difference of payment consideration and fair value) and is not amortised. However, the same is assessed for impairment, if any on a yearly basis or when such situation arises.(AULICH, Jones, Head, 2017) Internally generated intangibles are generally the development cost incurred during a design or testing of newly introduced IT system that has future viability and is commercially feasible and also if the company has sufficient resources to complete it. Research costs are generally charged off to PL. These have a fixed life and amortized as per straight line method. Acquired intangible assets are either value at fair value (business combination) or at cost incurred (if acquired specifically). These generally have a fixed life and amortized as per straight line, however, in case it is for indefinite period, it is considered for assessment of impairment annually. The life of acquired intangibles, the value sat which it is recorded and the capitalisation of the development costs is all subject to management estimates. (Lin, Riccardi, Wang, 2017) In Telstra, management judgement is applied to determine the amortization period but for those where it is finite, the weighted average amortization is shown in the adjoining table. In case of TPG telecom Ltd., the major categorizations are amortizable and non-amortizable which is much more clear presentation as compared to Telstra where it may change every year based on assessment. The goodwill is recognized at cost and brand is recognized using Relief from Royalty procedure. Both of these are non-amortizable over its life, however, they are subject to impairment test annually. On the other hand, acquired customer bases are valued using discounted cash flow technique for the future expected benefits derivable and are amortized over the contract period using reducing balance method. Indefeasible rights of use of capacity are either valued at fair value or the present value of cash outflows to be made. These are amortised over the IRUs life. In case any subsequent expenditure is made which increases the economic benefits to be derived, the same is added to the cost of intangible assets. All the other intangible assets are amortized over the useful life using the straight line method. (Kodua Mensah, 2017) Analysing the valuation and amortization of the intangible assets by both the companies, it clearly states that TPG has more transparent techniques of valuation and amortization as compared to Telstra where most of the things are based on the management judgement. Recommendations Both the Telstra Group and TPG Telecom Ltd. belong to the same telecommunication industry having identical business and are situated in the same geography of Australia but the reporting structure in annual reports is entirely different. In Telstra, most of the significant policies are subject to management judgements and estimates whereas in case of TPG telecom, all the policies are clearly stated and are subject to less interference by management. This calls for recommendation that Telstra should report all its crucial policies in a much more concrete way and it should be subject to lesser interference as it impacts profitability and reporting by billions. Moreover, consistency is the essence of accounting which needs to be taken care as per the increased regulations by ACCA. On the other hand, TPG telecom needs to have a more detailed reporting on depreciation and the basis on which the valuation is being done in the case of inventories. Also, it has not disclosed the bifurcation o f the inventory which the user of the financial statement (like banks and other financial institutions) may ask for while approving the loan. (Flix, 2017) Further, it was also found in case of Telstra, that the useful life of land and building asset class is also changing, which not change in case of a telecommunication should company as its life is fairly the same unless a major wreck is foreseen. (Li, Sougiannis, Wang, 2017) References AULICH, C., Jones, S., Head, B. (2017). DIVESTMENT OF COMMONWEALTH PUBLIC ENTERPRISES IN AUSTRALIA: THE CUPBOARD IS BARE. Wiley Online Library, 9-21. Bena, J., Ferraira, M., Matos, P., Pires, P. (2017). Are foreign investors locusts? The long-term effects of foreign institutional ownership. Journal of Financial Economics, 21-35. Boccia, F., Leonardi, R. (2016). The Challenge of the Digital Economy. Markets, Taxation and Appropriate Economic Models, 1-16. Capaldi, N., Idowu, S., Schmidpeter, R. (2017). 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