A Movie Review on “El Presidente” Essay

E. Own Synopsis The story is told in flashbacks as Emilio Aguinaldo thanks the US government for giving him the opportunity to attend the full restoration of Philippine independence on July 4, 1946. The film begins with his capture by Philippine and US forces under Frederick Funston’s command in 1901, then flashes back to 1886, when an old woman gives Aguinaldo and childhood friend Candido Tirona cryptic prophecies. Ten years later, Aguinaldo is inducted into the Katipunan and later assumes leadership of its Cavite chapter while becoming mayor of Cavite El Viejo. When trouble breaks out in Manila in late August 1896, Aguinaldo tries to assure the Spanish provincial government of non-interference and covertly marshals his forces despite a lack of weapons. Learning that the Spanish mostly put their forces in Manila, Aguinaldo finally mobilizes his troops and take the fight to Spanish troops in Cavite. As the rebels gain ground in Cavite and several provinces, its Magdalo and Magdiwang factions convene to elect a provisional government. Andres Bonifacio oversees the Tejeros Convention, which elects Aguinaldo as president, Mariano Trias as vice-president, and himself as interior minister. He storms out of the convention when Daniel Tirona objects to his election. Aguinaldo’s brother Crispulo informs him of his accession and convinces him to leave his troops just as he was seeking to defend against the Spaniards at Pasong Santol. The rebels are defeated and Crispulo is killed. Meanwhile, an embittered Bonifacio establishes his own revolutionary government and is later arrested. Aguinaldo is concerned about Bonifacio’s actions and wanted him exiled, but the War Council advises his execution. Several months later, Aguinaldo leaves Cavite with most of his forces intact and makes it to Biak-na-Bato in Bulacan, where he signs the Pact of Biak-na-Bato and heads for Hong Kong. There he meets with US officials who approach him with offers of support and recognition of a new Philippine Republic amidst the Spanish-American War. Aguinaldo returns to the Philippines and formally declares independence from Spain. As the Malolos Congress convenes, Felipe Agoncillo tries to represent the new nation at the Treaty of Paris negotiations, but gets stonewalled at every turn even as US forces gradually arrive in the Philippines. The Philippine-American War breaks out in February 1899 and Antonio Luna is appointed commander of all Filipino troops. He is assassinated three months later and the Filipino troops are gradually routed by the Americans. As a result, Aguinaldo’s forces travel all over northern Luzon to escape the Americans. General Gregorio del Pilar volunteers to lead some troops in holding them off at Tirad Pass and buy Aguinaldo time to get away. His loyal courier is later captured by the Americans while getting some medicine for his son. Now aware of Aguinaldo’s hideout, Funston plans his capture. Having been made to accept US rule over the Philippines, Aguinaldo lives a quiet life, which is marred by Hilaria’s passing in 1921. He meets and marries Felipe Agoncillo’s niece Maria in 1930. Over the next few decades, the couple witness Philippine history unfold once more as he is defeated in the 1935 presidential elections, Japanese occupation and the restoration of full independence. In 1962, an elderly Aguinaldo and his wife comfort each other over President Diosdado Macapagal’s decree to restore the actual date of the Philippine declaration of independence. In his final hours, the same woman who gave him his prophecy appears to him one more time. F. Criticize on the following I. Story and Theme El Presidente is a Historical Film wherein the life of Emilio Aguinaldo is portrayed from the Spanish Era, until the Philippine Independence. II. Screenplay The screenwriters inserted some Spanish Dialogues, English, and Filipino in the script. And I was discontented with the screenplay itself. I didn’t like the dialogues especially when Baron Geisler who portrayed as a Spanish official talked to Emilio Aguinaldo in Spanish saying that he doesn’t understand Filipino, but then all of a sudden he understood it. That is just an example of the lack of continuity of the script. III. Direction The Director in this movie did a decent job of portraying the life of Emilio Aguinaldo. I said decent because I was quite disappointed with the way the movie played out. I expected so much from this movie, but in every scene, I don’t know if the director overlooked it, but I really am discontented with every scenes. IV. Cinematography The Cinematography was good in terms of portraying the proper scenes though in the fight scenes, the cinematography was quite lacking for the actors weren’t shown in many different angles. V. Editing The editing from the start is quite good but I didn’t like the editing on the war scenes. I didn’t like the editing because you can see that some of the fight scene was either fast-forward or in slow motion. With that in mind, the fight scene was discontented for me because the feeling of intensity in a fight scene isn’t quite felt by me. VI. Acting From the casting, to the acting, to the costume, I didn’t like it. Bayani Agbayani and Bearwin Meily are good comedians for me. But here in this movie where it is sort of historical and more on drama, they didn’t fit the roles and also there are also some cast in which I didn’t like. I also didn’t like the costume of some artist, especially the fake moustache of some of the actors. I also didn’t like the acting of Jorge Estregan as Emilio Aguinaldo because he seems to be lacking in facial expression and at some point too melodramatic. VII. Dialogues The dialogues were good but they could still improve. The consistency of the dialogues form Spanish to Filipino were lacking just like my statement on the Screenplay. VIII. Soundtrack The soundtrack of El Presidente is no doubt entertaining and good that is why it won some of the awards in terms of theme song. IX. Visual Effects We liked the visual effects of the movie because it’s simple and realistic X. Costume and make-up The costume seems to be good for it portrays the historical background of our country. G. Additional notes to consider i. Interesting Facts about the making of the film * Judy Ann Santos was initially offered to play Hilaria Del Rosario. She refused to accept the movie saying she can’t relate to the character because she doesn’t know Hilaria personally. * Tikoy Aguiluz backed out of directing this film after a misunderstanding with Jorge Estregan over Manila Kingpin: The Asiong Salonga Story. ii. Budget and box-office performance Box office: P872,972 (partial Manila) iii. Awards and honors * Youth Choice Award: â€Å"El Presidente† * Best Sound: Michael Idioma, â€Å"El Presidente† * Best Musical Score: Jessie Lazatin, â€Å"El Presidente† * Best Theme Song: apl.de.ap and Jamir Garcia, â€Å"El Presidente† * Best Make-up: Warren Munar, â€Å"El Presidente† by Warren Munar and company. * Best Supporting Actor: Cesar Montano, â€Å"El Presidente† * 2nd Best Picture: â€Å"El Presidente† iv. Social, political, and/or historical context for the film The movie is partly based on Aguinaldo’s Memoirs of the Revolution. Writer-director Mark Meily states that the project had its genesis back in 1998. Over the intervening years, careful research was made in order to accurately portray Aguinaldo’s life, especially facts that have been glossed over in history books. These include his conduct over the trial of the Bonifacio brothers and his other actions during the Revolution. Meily himself was brought into the project as director after Ejercito pledged never to work with original director Tikoy Aguiluz because of their rift over editing Manila Kingpin. Shooting took place over 43 days at select locations in Cavite, Laguna, and Bulacan, with the Las Casas Filipinas de Azucar in Bataan substituting for urban scenes v. What others have said about the film * The Philippines’ Cinema Evaluation Board graded the film at A. * Phillip Cu-Unjieng of the Philippine Star said it â€Å"vividly recaptures† one of the Philippines’ most turbulent periods in history by exposing the infighting among the Katipunan’s members and how Aguinaldo wanted to resolve them. He noted that the film’s quality makes it almost stand out as much as Richard Attenborough’s Gandhi, Steven Spielberg’s Lincoln, and Martin Scorsese’s The Aviator. * Philibert Ortiz-Dy said making the film was tricky, but dragged towards the end. * The movie garnered most of the awards at the 2012 Metro Manila Film Festival, winning the plums for Second Best Picture, Best Supporting Actor (Cesar Montano), Youth Choice Award, Best Float, Best Sound, Best Musical Score, and Best Make-up. * Columnist and radio show host Jessica Zafra, however, was critical of the movie’s treatment. She said the depiction of Bonifacio’s death raised questions about its authenticity. She added that the film itself â€Å"does Emilio Aguinaldo a disservice by portraying him as a victim of circumstance† and even highlighted the â€Å"amnesia† prevalent among contemporary Filipinos. H. Values and Relevance The film was more of a historical appreciation of our previous heroes. The film taught us that our Filipino heroes fought for our freedom therefore we should cherish it. I. Over-all analysis Over-all the film is good for it depicts the life of our national heroes. Though the film seems to be a bias on the part of Emilio Aguinaldo because the death of Andres Bonifacio and Antonio Luna were different on the history books. From the acting to everything, it is a good film but it can still improve by so much.

Payroll: Salary and Union Dues O.t.

NOVEMBER 20 PAYROLL Glo-Brite Paint Company Employee List 11/20/– Emp. Employee Soc. Sec. / # Pay G. L. Salary/ No. Name/Address Mar. Stat. Periods Acct. Rate 100 BONNO, Anthony Victor 537-10-3481 26 5417. 5 694 Bristol Avenue Married Philadelphia, PA 19135-0617 W/H 4 110 FERGUSON, James Claude 486-03-8645 26 53 2250. 00 808 Sixth Street Married Philadelphia, PA 19106-0995 W/H 5 120 FORD, Catherine Louise 213-09-4567 26 52 900. 0 18 Dundee Avenue Single Philadelphia, PA 19151-1919 W/H 2 130 MANN, Dewey Wilson 282-37-9352 26 53 1350. 00 3007 Bisque Drive Married Philadelphia, PA 19199-0718 W/H 0 140 O'NEILL, Joseph Tyler 897-04-1534 26 51 2307. 9 2100 Broad Street Married Philadelphia, PA 19121-7189 W/H 3 150 RUSSELL, Virginia Aloise 314-21-6337 26 52 690. 00 8004 Dowling Road Single Philadelphia, PA 19135-9001 W/H 2 160 RYAN, Norman Allen 526-23-1233 26 5418. 0 7300 Harrison Street Married Philadelphia, PA 19124-6699 W/H 4 170 SOKOWSKI, Thomas James 662-04-8832 26 5 4 2050. 00 133 Cornwells Street Single Philadelphia, PA 19171-5718 W/H 2 180 STUDENT 555-55-5555 26 52 7. 0 7018 Erdrick Street Single Philadelphia, PA 19135-8517 W/H 1 190 WILLIAMS, Ruth Virginia 518-30-6741 26 52 1223. 08 9433 State Street Single Philadelphia, PA 19149-0819 W/H 0 Emp. Employee Soc. Sec. / # Pay G. L. Salary/ No. Name/Address Mar. Stat. Periods Acct.Rate 200 WOODS, Beth Anne 724-03-1587 26 52 1200. 00 8102 Franklin Court Single Philadelphia, PA 19105-0915 W/H 1 Glo-Brite Paint Company Payroll Report 11/20/– Current Quarterly Yearly 100-BONNO, Anthony Victor Gross Pay 1129. 60 5471. 50 16793. 0 54-Plant FIT 84. 80 894. 80 Married Acct. 54 SIT 34. 68 167. 98 515. 57 W/H 4 537-10-3481 Soc. Sec. —OASDI 70. 04 339. 23 1041. 19 Pay Periods 26 Medicare—HI 16. 38 79. 33 243. 50 Salary CIT 44. 39 215. 02 659. 97 Hourly Rate 17. 65 Group Ins. 16. 50 33. 00 177. 80 Reg. Hours 64. 00 Union Dues 8. 00 32. 00 104. 00 O. T.Hours Simple Plan Check Number 7 03 Employee SUTA 1. 02 4. 93 15. 12 Check Date 11/20/– Net Pay 938. 59 4515. 21 13141. 55 110-FERGUSON, James Claude Gross Pay 2250. 00 9000. 00 32125. 00 53-Sales FIT 49. 62 423. 48 2714. 48 Married Acct. 53 SIT 69. 08 276. 32 986. 26 W/H 5 486-03-8645 Soc.Sec. —OASDI 139. 50 558. 00 1991. 75 Pay Periods 26 Medicare—HI 32. 63 130. 52 465. 83 Salary 2250. 00 CIT 88. 43 353. 72 1262. 53 Hourly Rate Group Ins. 26. 40 52. 80 185. 10 Reg. Hours Union Dues O. T. Hours Simple Plan 500. 00 500. 00 500. 00 Check Number 704 Employee SUTA 2. 03 8. 12 28. 93 Check Date 11/20/– Net Pay 1342. 1 6697. 04 23990. 12 120-FORD, Catherine Louise Gross Pay 900. 00 3600. 00 9900. 00 52-Office FIT 45. 27 181. 08 820. 08 Single Acct. 52 SIT 27. 63 110. 52 303. 93 W/H 2 213-09-4567 Soc. Sec. —OASDI 55. 80 223. 20 613. 80 Pay Periods 26 Medicare—HI 13. 05 52. 20 143. 55 Salary 900. 00 CIT 35. 37 141. 8 389. 07 Hourly Rate Group Ins. 10. 50 21. 00 58. 80 Reg. Hours U nion Dues O. T. Hours Simple Plan Check Number 705 Employee SUTA 0. 81 3. 24 8. 91 Check Date 11/20/– Net Pay 711. 57 2867. 28 7561. 86 Current Quarterly Yearly 130-MANN, Dewey Wilson Gross Pay 1350. 00 5400. 00 10800. 00 53-Sales FIT 57. 0 188. 84 520. 84 Married Acct. 53 SIT 41. 45 165. 80 331. 58 W/H 0 282-37-9352 Soc. Sec. —OASDI 83. 70 334. 80 669. 60 Pay Periods 26 Medicare—HI 19. 58 78. 32 156. 62 Salary 1350. 00 CIT 53. 06 212. 24 424. 46 Hourly Rate Group Ins. 15. 90 31. 80 63. 30 Reg. Hours Union Dues O. T. Hours Simple Plan 250. 00 250. 00 250. 0 Check Number 706 Employee SUTA 1. 22 4. 88 9. 74 Check Date 11/20/– Net Pay 827. 69 4133. 32 8373. 86 140-O'NEILL, Joseph Tyler Gross Pay 2307. 69 9230. 76 51923. 03 51-Administrative FIT 70. 38 596. 52 6712. 52 Married Acct. 51 SIT 70. 85 283. 40 1594. 05 W/H 3 897-04-1534 Soc. Sec. —OASDI 143. 08 572. 32 3219. 24 Pay Periods 26 Medicare—HI 33. 46 133. 84 752. 88 Salary 2307. 9 CIT 90. 6 9 362. 76 2040. 57 Hourly Rate Group Ins. 27. 00 54. 00 256. 50 Reg. Hours Union Dues O. T. Hours Simple Plan 700. 00 700. 00 700. 00 Check Number 707 Employee SUTA 2. 08 8. 32 46. 74 Check Date 11/20/– Net Pay 1170. 15 6519. 60 36600. 53 150-RUSSELL, Virginia Aloise Gross Pay 672. 4 2725. 88 8965. 88 52-Office FIT 11. 60 92. 86 734. 86 Single Acct. 52 SIT 20. 66 83. 68 275. 24 W/H 2 314-21-6337 Soc. Sec. —OASDI 41. 72 169. 00 555. 88 Pay Periods 26 Medicare—HI 9. 76 39. 54 130. 02 Salary 690. 00 CIT 26. 45 107. 14 352. 37 Hourly Rate Group Ins. 8. 10 16. 20 47. 70 Reg. Hours Union Dues O.T. Hours Simple Plan Check Number 708 Employee SUTA 0. 61 2. 46 8. 08 Check Date 11/20/– Net Pay 554. 04 2215. 00 6861. 73 160-RYAN, Norman Allen Gross Pay 1440. 00 5976. 00 20661. 30 54-Plant FIT 7. 27 118. 38 1188. 38 Married Acct. 54 SIT 44. 21 183. 47 634. 1 W/H 4 526-23-1233 Soc. Sec. —OASDI 89. 28 370. 51 1281. 00 Pay Periods 26 Medicare—HI 20. 88 86. 65 299. 59 Salary CIT 56. 59 234. 85 811. 98 Hourly Rate 18. 00 Group Ins. 16. 80 33. 60 197. 30 Reg. Hours 80. 00 Union Dues 8. 00 32. 00 104. 00 O. T. Hours Simple Plan 200. 00 200. 00 200. 00 Check Number 709 Employee SUTA 1. 30 5. 39 18. 1 Check Date 11/20/– Net Pay 995. 67 4711. 15 15926. 13 Current Quarterly Yearly 170-SOKOWSKI, Thomas James Gross Pay 2050. 00 8200. 00 24850. 00 54-Plant FIT 255. 46 826. 50 2828. 50 Single Acct. 54 SIT 62. 94 251. 76 762. 92 W/H 2 662-04-8832 Soc. Sec. —OASDI 127. 10 508. 40 1540. 70 Pay Periods 26 Medicare—HI 29. 3 118. 92 360. 35 Salary 2050. 00 CIT 80. 57 322. 28 976. 63 Hourly Rate Group Ins. 24. 00 48. 00 142. 50 Reg. Hours Union Dues O. T. Hours Simple Plan Check Number 710 Employee SUTA 1. 85 7. 40 22. 39 Check Date 11/20/– Net Pay 1468. 35 6116. 74 18216. 01 180-STUDENT Gross Pay 540. 00 2160. 0 7710. 00 52-Office FIT 12. 35 49. 40 458. 40 Single Acct. 52 SIT 16. 58 66. 32 236. 70 W/H 1 555-55-5555 Soc. Se c. —OASDI 33. 48 133. 92 478. 02 Pay Periods 26 Medicare—HI 7. 83 31. 32 111. 80 Salary CIT 21. 22 84. 88 303. 00 Hourly Rate 7. 50Group Ins. 6. 30 12. 60 45. 00 Reg. Hours 72. 00Union Dues O.T. Hours Simple Plan Check Number 711 Employee SUTA 0. 49 1. 96 6. 96 Check Date 11/20/– Net Pay 441. 75 1779. 60 6070. 12 190-WILLIAMS, Ruth Virginia Gross Pay 5733. 33 15993. 33 52-Office FIT 738. 24 2344. 24 Single Acct. 52 SIT 176. 02 491. 00 W/H 0 518-30-6741 Soc. Sec. —OASDI 355. 7 991. 59 Pay Periods 26 Medicare—HI 83. 12 231. 89 Salary 1223. 08 CIT 225. 33 628. 55 Hourly Rate Group Ins. 28. 80 88. 20 Reg. Hours Union Dues O. T. Hours Simple Plan Check Number Employee SUTA 5. 16 14. 39 Check Date Net Pay 4121. 19 11203. 47

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Abstract: The social and psychological needs of an employee must be understood in order to motivate him to complete the assigned tasks. Unless the leaders fully support the premise that organizations must have a high degree of communication to meet employee’s psychological needs, it will remain stagnant. This may further give rise to grapevines and conflicts which adversely affect the organization. Effective internal communication is needed for management to develop and sustain a competitive advantage for organizational performance and improvement. Transformational leaders have a  tremendous influenceontheworkplaceandorganization’sculture. If they wish to institute change, their leadership styles must be strategically aligned to accommodate the organizational culture. McKinsey’s 7S framework is a model for analyzing organizations and their effectiveness. It looks at the seven key elements that make organizations successful: strategy, structure, systems, shared values, style, staff and skills. It can be aligned with any organizational issue that needs to be corrected. Utilizing past literature, survey questions, and interviews, this research paper will find out the strategy and implementation issues in communications flow that the private service sector faces and how a leader can initiate and bring change by alignment with McKinsey’s 7S Framework. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Links: Linking Service, Linking Service, Linking Service Full text: Headnote Abstract The social and psychological needs of an employee must be understood in order to motivate him to complete the assigned tasks. Unless the leaders fully support the premise that organizations must have a high degree of communication to meet employee’s psychological needs, it will remain stagnant. This may further give rise to grapevines and conflicts which adversely affect the organization. Effective internal communication is needed for management to develop and sustain a competitive advantage for organizational performance and improvement. Transformational leaders have a tremendous influenceontheworkplaceandorganization’sculture. If they wish to institute change, their leadership styles must be strategically aligned to accommodate the organizational culture. McKinsey’s 7S framework is a model for analyzing organizations and their effectiveness. It looks at the seven key elements that make organizations successful: strategy, structure, systems, shared values, style, staff and skills. It can be aligned with any organizational issue that needs to be corrected. Utilizing past literature, survey questions, and interviews, this research paper will find out the strategy and implementation issues in communications flow that the private service sector faces and how a leader can initiate and bring change by alignment with McKinsey’s 7S Framework. Keywords: Change Management, McKinsey’s 7S Framework, Organizational Communication, Transformational Leadership Introduction An organizational setup is a conjoint effort of leaders and followers who work for the accomplishment of certain predefined objectives. The leader’s role is paramount and he has the ultimate responsibility of taking the resources in the desired direction. The concept of leadership has evolved across a period of time. Balgobind (2002), in a comparative study of different transformational leaders, has found that in the past the leader was transactional who was aware of the link between effort and reward. This kind of leadership was responsive and its basic orientation was to deal with  current issues. These leaders would rely on standard forms of inducement, reward, punishment, and sanction to control followers. They motivated followers by setting goals and promising rewards for desired performance. Leadership depended on the leader’s power to reinforce subordinates for their successful completion of the bargain. But times have changed and so has the role of a leader. The leader of today is transformational. These leaders arouse emotions in their followers which motivates them to act beyond the framework of what may be described as exchange relations. Leadership is proactive and forms new expectations in followers. Leaders are distinguished by their capacity to inspire and provide inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation and idealized influence in the followers. They create learning opportunities for their followers and stimulate them to solve problems and possess good visioning, rhetorical and management skills. They motivate followers to work for goals that go beyond self-interest. The success of any organization depends largely on the processes and flow of internal communications. The flow of information can be one way or two ways, formal or informal and personal and impersonal. The relationship between employees is based on personal, professional and ethical roles. The communication flow has a great influence on the kind of relationships that exist in the organization. As long as the right messages are conveyed within the defined limits of authority and responsibility, it is helpful for goal attainment. But there are instances when the formal channels of communication are not used and the need to exchange and share ideas gives rise to grapevine communication. The messages are distorted and the incorrect information is spread across. Many times this exchange results in conflicts and strained relationships. If the situation is not taken care of it may affect the organization greatly and may even result in a loss of job for some and may put the organization in severe crises. This situation needs to be corrected and a leader’s intervention can bring a positive change. McKinsey’s 7S framework is a model for analyzing organizations and their effectiveness. It looks at the seven key elements that make the organizations successful: strategy, structure, systems, shared values, style, staff and skills. It can be aligned with any organizational issue that needs to be corrected. The private service sector plays a major role in the growth of any economy and employs large number of people. The interrelationship across all levels is largely dependent on the communication flow in this sector. Most of the information is not communicated in the right manner and employees resort to grapevine for their satisfaction. As such the communication problems in this sector multiply and threaten the survival of the organization. Based on present survey and past studies, the paper aims at highlighting the role of a transformationalleaderinsolvingthecommunication problems related to the private service sector. The McKinsey’s 7S Framework has been aligned with leader’s role for bringing organizational change and excellence. Literature Review Transformational leadership theory has captured the interest of many researchers in the field of organizational leadership over the past three decades. This theory was developed by Bums (1978) and later enhanced by Bass (1985, 1998) and others (Avolio &Bass, 1988; Bass &Avolio, 1994; Bennis &Nanus, 1985; Tichy &Devanna, 1986). Bums (1978) first introduced the concept of transformational leadership in his research of political leaders, establishing the concepts of transforming leaders and transactional leaders, and concluded that leaders and followers help each other to advance to a higher level of motivation. The major premise of the transformational leadership theory is the leader’s ability to motivate the follower to accomplish more than what the follower planned to accomplish (Krishnan, 2005). Transformational leadership has four components: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration (Bass, 1985). Bums postulated that transformational leaders inspire followers to accomplish more by concentrating on the follower’s values and helping the follower align 06 November 2014  these values with the values of the organization. Furthermore, Bums identified transformational leadership as a relationship in which the leader and the follower motivated each other to higher levels which resulted in value system congruence between the leader and the follower (Krishnan, 2002). Leaders have a tremendous influence on the work place and effect on the organization’s culture. If leaders wish to institute change, their leadership styles must be strategically aligned to accommodate the organizational culture (Sheahan, 2012). The effectiveness of organizational communication is determined by leadership and leadership traits that allow for an open path of communication with employee and organization (Pirraglia, 2012). McKinsey’s 7S framework provides a strategic approach to HRM. It was developed in the early 1980s by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman, two consultants working at the McKinsey &Company consulting firm. The basic premise of the model is that there are seven internal aspects of an organization that need to be aligned if it is to be successful. These seven features are interrelated and have to be considered jointly to achieve a better integration between HR practice and organizational strategy (Talwar, 2006, p.210). The staff element within the McKinsey 7S Framework refers to employees and their need for development and motivation. Style refers to the actions and behavior of senior executives, rather than what they say. The conduct of top management is an extremely valuable management tool that conveys and reinforces strong messages to stakeholders, particularly employees, throughout the organization (Fleisher and Bensousan, 2007, p.49). A range of highly respected management scholars including Armstrong (2008) and Adair (2009) have emphasized the importance of formulating and promoting shared values within organizations. System relates to processes and procedures that are necessary in order to conduct the business (Murphy and Willmott, 2010). The disadvantages of a tall hierarchical structure have been specified by Dlabay (2011) as inflexibility to respond to changes in the marketplace, loss of communication messages between the layers, de-motivated workforce etc. Johnson (2006) defines corporate strategy as a plan aimed to achieve corporate objectives, Skills, for the organization relate to competencies and capabilities required within the organization in order to achieve organizational objective in an effective way (Schuler and Jackson, 2007). Communication is one of the most dominant and important activities in organizations (Harris &Nelson, 2008). Fundamentally, relationships grow out of communication and the fu nctioning and survival of organizations is based on effective relationships among individuals and groups. In addition, organizational capabilities are developed and enacted through â€Å"intensely social and communicative processes† (Jones et al, 2004). Communication helps individuals and groups coordinate activities to achieve goals, and it’s vital in socialization, decision-making, problem-solving and change-management processes (Berger, 2008). The focus of organizational communication is on the whole system, rather than on parts of the system (Katz &Kahn, 1996). The study of organizational communication centers on processes of interaction, means by which people obtain information, form opinions, make decisions, merge into the organization, leave the  organization, and create rapport with one another (Shockley-Zalabak, 1999). Through communication, people coordinate their actions to achieve individual and organizational goals (Shockley-Zalabak, 1999). Effective organizational communication can be achieved through transformational leadership and will generate greater organizational and employee performance within small organizations (Dario Martinez, 2012). Effective communication is needed for management to develop and sustain a competitive advantage for organizational performance and improvement (Avolio, Lado, Boyd &Wright, 1992; Rowe, 2001). Effective communication succeeds when employees support the leader and the organization if there is a belief that employees’ efforts will be rewarded. Leadership succeeds when initiating response or responding to change and leadership is inextricably linked to the credibility of those leading. Constituents will become willingly involved to the extent that they believe in those sponsoring the change (Kouzes &Posner, 2003). Methodology and Data Collection The experiential survey has been used for the purpose of the paper. Data is qualitative in nature and has been collected through primary and secondary sources. The questionnaire consisted of open ended questions related 06 November 2014  to communication flow and processes. Five private service organizations comprising of hospitality, academia, telecommunication, retail, and insurance were included in the survey. Ten employees from each sector have been taken in the survey and their experiences related to communication problems in the organization have been considered for the purpose of study. Analysis The analysis is based on present survey and past studies. The findings revealed that organizational communication is one of the most important determinants of sound interpersonal relationships within the organization. In a reputed retail store, information was not transmitted through proper channels. There was ambiguity regarding the instructions communicated to employees. This caused discomfort and conflicts in the organization and affected the quality of work. The General Manager-Marketing of the retail store admitted that most of the miscommunication led to conflicts which were difficult to resolve. When asked about the negative influence of past workplace experience on the present organization, the HR Manager of a well known hospital revealed that most of the employees were always thinking about their past work environment and their self-fulfilling prophecies were leading them to live with fear and poor emotional management. In many organizations, most of the information was not communicated to the employees and the decisions were thrown at them. The instructions were not seriously obeyed and the employees turned violent during work. The Area Manager of an insurance company revealed that closed communication gave rise to violent behavior in employees. Grapevine communication has prominence in all organizations and has its own benefits but the Principal of a Technical College revealed that their organizational communication largely depended on grapevine and it was a major cause of dissatisfaction among the employees and resulted into high turnover. The employees of a telecom company expected encouraging behavior from their senior manager. A lower level employee revealed that the absence of compassion in communication and humiliating remarks of their departmental head was extremely offensive to their self-esteem. When these findings were considered around the elements of the McKinsey’s 7s model, it was felt that the 7s model could be linked to the problems related to organizational communication as: Strategy – Improper communication flows give rise to conflicts and hamper the organization’s image. It is important to make the right communication strategies for conflict resolution and sustainable advantage. Structure – Most organizations use formal channels of communication. This results in choking of essential information giving rise to grapevines. The organizational structure has to be designed in a way that information is not choked. Systems – The internal processes and procedures facilitate good communication and it is important to understand how effective they are in maintaining the correct flow. Skills – Communication can flow smoothly if the staff possesses the right skills. Staff – The staff can facilitate effective communication and value needs to be attached to communication skills during recruitment and selection. Style – The management is responsible for promoting a culture of open communication. Shared goals – The organizations’ belief system and attitude towards communication is at the core of other elements.

Contexual Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Contexual Research Paper - Essay Example It can be noted that these excuses are always used many times that teachers no longer accept them as there before. Segal explains that many learners that plan out what to say and makes it a reason to believe in have an extension and excuse to give in assignments at a later date. "Creative students may win extra extensions with a little careful planning and full plot development† (Sega, pp.1). If a learner gives such excuses every time leads to a tendency to cook what to say and expect in case assignments are not done within allocated time. From the article, one can know himself or herself and always that he or she used excuses. I have come to think of where excuses are true and when tutors think they are lies. "A friend of mine in graduate school had a student who claimed that his roommate attacked him with a hammer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ in fact was a true story" (Segal, pp.2). If a person hears the reason why students fail to turn in assignments, it sounds funny although it is an actual occurrence. Many people always fall victims of such circumstances where something happens that makes them fail to do their assignments but it looks to be made up according to other persons. Such situations always even turn worse in learning institutions. Teachers are left with no choice but to exercise their punishment on a student whether the reason given was true or false. This article as fixed the way teachers look at students. The teachers have acquired a perception that students always lie in case they do not finish up their assignments. The reality is that students’ reasons for not doing assignments in time may be either false or true. Segal has negatively influenced teachers as they will always have the idea that students always lie when they do not complete assignments in time. This article has also humor in it as it is very sarcastic. The author talks about what she experiences with learners’ excuses and classify them as evils of dorm

M2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

M2 - Essay Example Firstly, it will try to understand if the Eric Jensen brain-based program is effective at what it is designed to do, and secondly, it will seek to identify if the brain-based teaching/learning significantly improves the reading of standardized test scores. The data the is associated with this research will be collected using three different methods which include a survey, focus group discussions as well as an interview of the teachers. A questionnaire will be constructed to serve the purpose of collecting data in the classroom and will be filled by the students in the class. On the other hand, the focus group will target various teachers who use the Eric Jensen brain-based program as well as those who do not. Finally, the interview will be designed to collect data from teachers concerning whether the brain-based teaching/learning significantly improves the reading of standardized test scores. Since the questionnaire will be measuring the opinions of the teachers on whether the Eric Jensen brain-based program is effective at what it is designed to do, it will be constructed as an attitude scale that will contain a minimum of ten items. A pilot test will be conducted to establish if the people who are targeted for the survey have adequate knowledge and an understanding of that will enable them to provide significant opinions to the study (Morra & Rist, 2009). The questionnaire will include choices that will allow the respondents who have no options to express their perspective as well as a number of questions to gather information at the beginning that will screen out the ones who have limited or no knowledge of the prevailing subject. The questionnaires that will be used will employ open questions that will allow the respondents to provide answers that best describe the opinion they have on specific issues beings studied. The questionnaire will avoid giving the respondents the option of ticking their choices based on a provides scale as in

Procter & Gamble Business Sphere Research Paper

Procter & Gamble Business Sphere - Research Paper Example The firm has 127,000 members of staff, in addition to, 300 trade names vended in 180 nations. P&G averages approximately 4 billion deals every day. Background: The initial project, initiated in the year 2010, is the Business capability course that provides executives forecasts concerning P&G promotion share and additional performance stats five to 12 months in prospects. At its central part is a sequence of analytic forms intended to expose what is happening in the trade currently, why it is transpiring, and what measures P&G could take. The â€Å"what† forms center on statistics for instance shipments, transactions, and market share. The â€Å"why† models emphasize sales figures down to the nation, region, product line, as well as store levels, and drivers for example, publicity and consumer expenditure, inspecting in the region- and nation-specific financial data. The â€Å"deeds† studies observe levers P&G can draw, for instance pricing, promotion, and merchandise mix, and offer approximations on what they convey. Hypothesis: By eliminating the holdup of physically gathering and collecting data, this copyright-pending business intelligence structure advances efficiency and collaboration, abridges work processes, lessens the judgment-making cycle period, and facilitates P&G to concentrate on innovating for the customer. 1.4. Objectives To concentrate businesses on exemptions and offer forward looking projections and scenarios by the employment of business capability analytic outlines. To present multifaceted information and data visually in business procedures, permitting leaders to perceive the data in a simpler manner, process the data speedily, and rapidly alter criticisms into deeds. Using technology to facilitate in bringing perspective to the information and make out chances for P&G by the employment of technology by GBS Analysts. To use the connection of analysts in planet see the similar commerce data in the identical way simultaneously, permitting them to join forces more efficiently. To offer business significance through one supply chain exemplar controlled supply cycle capability outline to assemble numerous information points, methodical, and exposures. This should consequence in a record decrease of 25 percent and should save enormous amounts of money. 1.5. Assumptions This copyright- pending incorporation of technology, visualization, and statistical aids heads to drill-down into statistics to get retorts in real-time. To respond to a set of queries, the course studies and joins in so far as 220 terabytes of data (matched to the degree of data stored in 200,000 editions of Encyclopedia Britannica), permitting for unprecedented granularity as well as customization. The manner data is tendered uncovers criticisms, drifts, and chances for the business heads and compels them to ask diversely and extremely concentrated on business queries. The visualization aids individuals to â€Å"make out† the statistics in manners they would not have had the capability to distinguish with merely figures and spreadsheets. It tests suppositions while concurrently presenting the statistics in dissimilar methods, enlightening potential resolutions that formerly might have not been clear.

Fast Paced Financial Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fast Paced Financial - Term Paper Example Designed to work with existing address-book standards and improve compatibility between widely differing systems, the ldap standard was adopted by the ietf in 1997 and now forms the basis of many white-page directories on the web. It has also been incorporated directly into some software programs and operating systems, making it possible to find e-mail addresses without visiting a directory site† (Ldap. 2003). LDAP was established after X.500 protocol, which was also a directory service standard protocol. However, X.500 incorporated high overhead and consequent dawdling response due to heavy X.500 clients. Consequently, keeping in mind the overheads of X.500 slow response, Light Weight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) was created. LDAP is implemented for both Microsoft Windows and Linux / UNIX clients. In order to make LDAP operational for Linux / UNIX, windows active directory configuration is required. LDAP is proficient in terms of accessing directory information due to inte gration of a designed database. The architecture integrates the security protocols including Kerberos that is defined as â€Å"An access control system that was developed at MIT in the 1980s. Turned over to the IETF for standardization in 2003, it was designed to operate in both small companies and large enterprises with multiple domains and authentication servers. The Kerberos concept uses a "master ticket" obtained at logon, which is used to obtain additional "service tickets" when a particular resource is required† (Gallaher, Link, & Brent R. Rowe,). Kerberos provides authentication and authorization. Moreover, LDAP services provide, automated imitation of information to multiple workstations, providing towering performance, redundancy and elevated availability. In order to provide elasticity wile storing data, extensible schemas are incorporated. The protocols including Kerberos and LDAP are compatible to various system platforms due to standardization (Likewise storage s ervices). However, LDAP implementations with vendor-defined directories are not efficient with the Windows environments, resulting in management of several directories and store identifications. Active directory is â€Å"an implementation of LDAP directory services by Microsoft for use in Windows environments. Active Directory allows administrators to assign enterprise-wide policies, deploy programs to many computers, and apply critical updates to an entire organization. An Active Directory stores information and settings relating to an organization in a central, organized, accessible database. Active Directory networks can vary from a small installation with a few hundred objects, to a large installation with millions of objects† (Active Directory. 2007). Few checklists are applicable including the network connectivity testing and raising the Active directory domain functional level to Windows 2003. The business benefit focusing on business continuity is also managed efficie ntly, as the user profiles along with sensitive data is stored in centralized Active directory servers. In case of a system failure, or crash, data can be recovered from user profiles to a new system. Moreover, total cost of ownership is also decreased, as it can be configured and managed by a centralized location. Furthermore, effective IT resource management is carried out via the entire network that will provide a

The Afterlife and Great Leaders of Great Civilizations Essay

The Afterlife and Great Leaders of Great Civilizations - Essay Example Ancient Egyptians believed that their dead go to an Afterlife, and that the latter could continue to affect the living’s fortunes. For example, in â€Å"Above the Entrance† it says that those who pass by his tomb and say â€Å"a thousand loaves and beer jugs / For the owners of this tomb† will get a loyal guard for life in form of Harkhuf’s spirit, while those who â€Å"[enter] the tomb unclean† would be seized â€Å"by the neck like a bird† and â€Å"be judged for it by the great God.†   The text suggests that respect for people in authority does not end with their death. It shows that the ancient Egyptians believed in the power of the dead in affecting their lives, so they found it essential to show proper respect to their tombs. In addition, ancient Egyptians appeared to believe that good deeds in real life resulted to good rewards in the Afterlife. The â€Å"Above the Entrance† talks about the good works of Harkhuf. In par ticular, it says that he gave â€Å"bread to the hungry,† â€Å"clothing to the naked,† and â€Å"brought the boatless to the land.†   In other words, he was a kind and helpful public servant. He was generous to all. His charity could be connected to him being an â€Å"excellent equipped spirit,†   because his goodness could be rewarded well in the Underworld. The text indicates that life after death reflects the goodness of one’s lived life. Moreover, the ancient Egyptians had a complex religious system.

Issues and Dilemmas of Contemporary Public Administration WK 6 Term Paper - 1

Issues and Dilemmas of Contemporary Public Administration WK 6 - Term Paper Example More often than not however, public administrators have been confronted with a myriad of ethical obligations which include but not inclined to: public interest, administrative responsibility as well as other personal life matters such as finances, sexual misconduct and health, among many others (Geuras & Garofalo, 2009). Public interest incorporates the welfare of the general public. Public administrators are mandated to serve the people. Thus, they are endorsed with the duty and responsibility to enhance public interest. It is therefore expected of them to conduct their activities with fairness and equality. Thus, they have an ethical obligation to maintain accountability and openness in their activities so as to ensure that they are doing what is perceived to be right within the perception of the public. Administrative responsibility on the other hand involves the behavior of public administrators and the expectations that others have with respect to that behavior. In this regards, a public administrator is deemed to be responsible if his/her behavior conforms to the expectations. Conversely, if a public administrator’s behavior deviated from the expectations, such an administrator is considered irresponsible. The private sector has been applauded for enhancing administrative responsibility more efficiently than the public sector. Perhaps, this accounts for the increased prevalence of various governments privatizing most of their activities. In a nutshell, privatization refers to the incidence of transferring ownership of public service, property, agency, enterprise or business from the public sector to the private sector. More often than not, privatization has been considered as a solution to the many challenges that are replete in public administration. This has seen an increase in the private sector assuming the responsibility of carrying out service delivery, which was initially carried out by the public sector. In the recent years, many

Entrepreneurship and Social Enterprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Entrepreneurship and Social Enterprise - Essay Example This theory pertains relates to financial investment made in the company. Therefore, this theory seeks to ensure that the investments made in are growing constantly. The Frieze scenario also brings to focus investment theories. These theories elaborate the why people invest well aware of the possible consequences. The theories also elaborate the perception of individuals towards risks. The risk bearing theory introduces risk as a vital aspect of investment. In the above scenario, the three partners risked their finances by investing in such a firm. The partner could have lost the funds invested in the entity if it failed to succeed. The theory outlines risk taking as a vital factor, which triggers investment (Carrillo 2007. P. 100). This write up will evaluate major happenings in this entity. The major happenings include launch of the magazine, introduction of art fairs and the expansion strategies available to the entity at 2008. The analysis of the major happenings will evaluate th e factors, which triggered the entity’s success at each stage. This write will culminate with a detailed examination of the entity’s possible expansion strategies and the possible implications of their adopting any of the strategies. The three individuals had a clear strategy of what they wanted to undertake. A magazine targeted art lovers in England. The founders had identified a specific field, which their magazine would target. The magazine targeted the arts lovers. Clear identification of their segment enabled the company to focus on their customers’ needs. This also enabled the team identify their competition easily. Consequently, they had to provide the clientele in the art world with more value than their rivals. The managerial team had identified the name that their magazine was to assume. This helped the magazine to maintain its values. Therefore, the magazine

American Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

American Government - Essay Example The three arms of government include the Executive which is headed by the president, the Legislature which is divided into the two Congress chambers of the Senate and the House of Representatives and finally the Judiciary which is made up of the Supreme Court and other courts at a much lower level. The Executive wing of the government is made up of the President, Vice-President and the Cabinet. The president of the is responsible for conducting the federal laws, coming up with new strategies, offering direction on foreign policies and directing the operations of the national defense since he is the chief of staff. He has such powers as offering direction to the government, issuing command to the armed forces and playing the role of enforcing the laws as well as vetoing them. The Vice-presidents main duty is to offer any form of assistance to the president as stipulated by the law and he/she is chosen by the president. The 15 member cabinet which is appointed by the president upon app roval of the senate plays the role of formulating and ensuring the implementation of policies that affects their various dockets. The Judiciary is concerned with the interpretation, application and the determination of any contravention to the laws of the land. The federal government has some exclusive powers that cannot be shared by other levels of the government. The declaration of war is strictly the role of the federal government. It decides on the process of money printing and the number of denominations to be made by the central bank. The decision on the formation and establishment of the various army branches such as the navy lies squarely with the federal government. Signing of international treaties and decision to join any international body is conducted by the federal government. It also plays the role of regulating business activities between the states and other countries as well as formation of laws that assist

Internal Control Essay Example for Free

Internal Control Essay 1. Inform the President of any new internal control requirements if the company decides to go public.  As per the accident that happened in the company about some employees was viewing pornography on company computer and he had a hard time to get his employees admitted that they were the one who doing it. He should use limit access by individual passwords for each person to log in the computer systems. To make sure that which person was log on in the computer and do bad thing during that period. 2. Advise the President of what the company is doing right (they are doing some things well) and also recommend to the President whether or not they should buy the indelible ink machine. When your advice the President, please be sure to reference the applicable internal control principle that applies. From the passage that the accountant has recently started using prenumbered invoices following by the principle of internet control activities. Please find the Documentation Procedures passage below. From the passage, the president wants to buy an indelible ink machine to print their checks. In my opinion, I would like to recommend that he should buy an indelible ink machine following by the principle of internal control activities. Please find the Physical Controls passage below. Principles of internal control activities Documentation Procedures Companies should establish procures for documents. First, whenever possible, companies should use prenumbered documents, and all documents should be account for. Prenumbering helps to prevent a transaction from being recorded more than once, or conversely, from not bring recorded at all. Second, the control system shown that employees should promptly forward source documents for accounting entries to the accounting entries to the accounting  department. This control measure helps to ensure timely recording of the transaction and contributes directly to the accuracy and reliability of the accounting record. Require use prenumbered checks and account for them in sequence; each check must have an approved invoice; require employees to use corporate credit cards for reimbursable expenses; stamp invoices â€Å"paid†. Physical Controls Store blank checks in safes, with limited access; print check amounts by machine in indelible ink. 3. Advise the President of what the company is doing wrong (they are definitely doing some things poorly). Please be sure to include the internal control principle that is being violated along with a recommendation for improvement. Following from the passage that they have one accountant who serves as Treasurer and Controller which streamlines many of their processes. In this dual role, he purchases all of the supplies and pays for these purchases. He also recieves the checks and completes the monthly bank recommendation. The accountant is so busy that the company handels pretty cash a bit differently. He should asign duties to more than one person not only one because it hard for one person to control and serves as treasurer and controller in the same time. Following by Principles of internal control activities. Please find Segregation of Duties and Establishment of Responsibility passage below. From the following passage that all employees have access to the petty cash in a desk drawer and are asked to only place a note if they use any of the cash. In my opinion, he should limit access to the petty cash in a desk drawer, only one person could have responsible for the petty cash. Following by Principles of internal control activities. Please see the Establishment of Responsibility passage below. Principles of internal control activities Segregation of Duties Different individuals approve and make payments; check singers do not record disbursements Segregation of duties is indispensable in an internal control system. There are two common applications of this principle: 1. Different individuals should be responsible for related activities. 2. The responsibility for record-keeping for an asset should be separate from the physical custody of that asset. The rational for segregation of duties is this: The work of one employee should, without a duplication of effort, provide a reliable basis for evaluating the work of another employee. Segregation of related activities making one individual responsible for related activities increases the potential for errors and irregularities. Establishment of Responsibility An essential principle of international control is to assign responsibility to specific employees. Control is most effective when only one person is responsible for given task. Establishing responsibility often requires limiting access only to authorized personnel, and then identifying those personnel. Only designated personnel are authorized to sign checks (treasurer) and approve vendors. Compare checks to invoices; reconcile bank statement monthly

Brazils Banking Infrastructure and Business Structures

Brazils Banking Infrastructure and Business Structures Business Environment: Brazil is ranked 116th in World Bank’s Ease of doing business ranking. The infrastructure changes that have been done over the past few years have helped Brazil move up in the listing. It can be seen that Brazil ranks the highest in Getting Electricity (14th) and the lowest in Paying Taxes. It can be seen that the Brazilian government has been bringing out a lot of policies in order to makethe business environment easier. There have been vast changes in the category of resolving insolvency and as a result it has moved further towards the standards of the developed countries. Business Structure: Organizational and Managerial Factors Most companies in Brazil tend to be organized and stick to strict hierarchy in the organization. The information flows in a strict and structured way up down the various chains of command. Most of the decisions are made by the top most officials in the organization chart. While dealing with a Brazilian company it is always best to first understand the flow of command in the firm and get to know who makes the ultimate decision. Since most of the time a lot of foreign firms waste their time negotiating with someone who is not the deciding authority. Another point to remember is that most of the time the organizational chart shown by a Brazilian firm does not exactly depict the flow of command. There may be a few who hold more power than the person above them due to various reasons like internal politics, power of personal relationships etc. Environmental Factors: History: Brazil was under the rule of the Portuguese until the early 1800s. It was discovered by the Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvares Cabral. Brazil was broken into colonies and the colonies contributed their revenues to both the colony and the state. Coffee, Sugar and gold were the primary products exported from Brazil during this period. As the 18th century dawned Brazil was influenced by its neighboring states and fought for its independence. On September 7, 1822 Brazil was declared independence and was led by King Joà £o’s son Pedro as the regent. He was a liberal leader. He promoted education, improved communications, developed agriculture and encouraged immigration from Europe. The coffee boom began during his period. He abolished slavery. After Pedro Brazil was under the rule of both communist ruler, military rulers like Castello Branco who was pro-US and pro capitalist ruler like De Silva. Cardoso played an important role in the history of Brazil. He was at the helm of Plano Real which drastically reduced the inflation. The president , Dilam Rousseff of the Worker’s party, followed De silva in 2011. Many were skeptical about her being the candidate to fill De Silva’s shoes but she has been quite effective. Demographic: The population of Brazil is about 198.7million with most of them in the South East region (42.58%) and the north east region (27.50%). The North and the North east are underdeveloped regions of the country. The industrial and the commercial activities are concentrated in the south and the south eastern regions. Despite the vast territory of Brazil more than 80% of its population lives in the urban areas. The major cities of Brazil are Sà £o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador. Political: Brazil is a federal presidential representative democratic republic state. The president acts as the head of both the state and the government. The current President is President Dilma Rousseff, who came into power in 2011 after President De Silva. She belongs to the Workers’ Party and she is up for elections this year. She was the first woman president of Brazil. She faced a lot of challenges during a four year period. 2013 protests in Brazil: The 2013 protest was also called the 2013 federation cup riots or june journeys or the V for Vinegar Movement. This is an ongoing public demonstration in most of the Brazilian cities led by the MOVIMENTO PASSE LIVRE (Free Fare Movement). The riot started off as a small protest against the increase in bus, air and metro tickets. But as time and the support by masses increased it went on to become a riot against bigger problems like corruption and police brutality. During this riot President Rousseff was also blamed for using public funds for preparations for the 2014 World Cup. There was general dissatisfaction among the masses about the lack of social services in the country. 2014 Elections: The Presidential elections in Brazil will be held on October 5, 2014. There are four contenders: Dilma Rouseseff of the Workers’ Party, Eduardo Campos of the Brazilian Socialist Party, Aà ©cio Neves of Brazilian Social Democracy Party and Randolfe Rodrigues of the Socialism and Freedom Party. Prior to the June protests, current President Rousseff had exceeded approval ratings of 60%. But after the riots the ratings fell to a devastating 38%. But the polls increased to about 53% after her promise of spending 50 Brazilian reais in infrastructure. As of now President Rousseff is leading the polls. Economy: The currency of Brazil is the Brazilian Real. The GDP growth rate is about 1.9%. The GDP(PPP) per capita is about USD 11340. Inflation rate is about 5.68%. The post war Brazilian economic policy has been designed to accept high levels of inflation. It was found that high levels of government deficit were the reason for the inflation. Plano real and the new currency have reduced the inflation drastically. The GDP of Brazil is about USD 2.435trillion and has a current account deficit of 3.66% of the GDP. Brazil has always been a welfare state. With poilicies like the Bolosa Familia the state provides numerous benefit offerings to it citizens. This helped in bringing thousands of people out of poverty. The north eastern region that is poorest in Brazil was the most beneficial out of this program. Brazil was once called the Belinda, a country where a small part of the country is well off like Belgium and the rest are poor like India. But this is fast changing thanks to welfare programs like Bolsa familia and Fome Zero. About 50 million people were pulled out of poverty. This has helped the country climd the imcome level ladder internationally. A country that once looked like Congo looks like the Brazil that everyone wished to see. The income level of the country has increased substantially. Despite this there has been a slowdown in the country’s economic growth due to various reasons such as lack of proper infrastructure and withholding of investments by investors. The 2013 riots enhanced this further since the investors are skeptical about investing in a country that is going through a civil unrest. The drop in investments was the main reason for the slowdown in the economic growth. Custo Brazil or the â€Å"Brazil Cost† is one of the primary reasons for the reduction in investments. Brazil Cost includes high taxes, red tape, faulty infrastructure and scarcity of qualified labor. The 2014 presidential election of Brazil might have an impact on the investment scenario of the Brazilian economy. Many investors are withholding their investments, waiting for the new government to form. Infrastructure: The Brazilian economy was a consumption led one for the past four years. It followed what is now popularly called as the 3Cs model ( credit, consumption and commodities).Now that he demand has been created and people’s livelihood has become better they expect more. The per capita income of the country has increased which means that he lifestyle has changed. Now that they make a better living than before they are not just satisfied with the basic necessities but they want better roads, airports, ports, etc. Thus the government has to shift to a more pro infrastructure investment policies. The 2013 riots in Sao Paolo was solely due to the lack of infrastructure and increase in bus, air and metro tickets. Following which President Rousseff promised to spend 50 million Reais in improving urban public transportation. Market Opportunities: Sectors like air transportation, telecom industry, oil and gas and mining have been experiencing higher than average over the last few years. The government of Brazil also spent around $470 million in developing the airports, roads, ports, energy generation and distribution systems as well as the infrastructure necessary for the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics. Petrobas, the Brazilian oil company, is planning for expansion and this will create a lot of opportunities for global businesses. The reserves found in 2006 and 2007 exceeded 60 million barrels which put Brazil among the top oil producing companies. Brazil is also one of the largest IT markets among the other emerging markets. The largest spending in this sector was the telecom followed by IT services and computing hardware. Big events like the papal visit in 2013 and World Youth Day created a lot of opportunities the past years. And future events like the 2016 Olympics and 2014 Football world cup is expected to create even wider platform for markets to flourish. FDI: Brazil is the leader among the Latin American countries for FDI. It contributed about 43.8% of the total investments in the region in 2011. Its geographical location is an important factor for this rise in investments. The economy of Brazil is diversified and hence is an attractive location for investments. It has abundant natural resources, flourishing tourism and a wide range of exports. A large portion of the investments into the country is in the IT sector and the industrial sector comes second to it. Risks and Potential Bottlenecks: Infrastructure: Infrastructure has always been a problem in Brazil. In the past government spending on infrastructure was about 0.6% of the GDP. This was way lesser than what would be required for a 4.5% GDP growth rate. Realizing this, the government of Brazil has decided to invest heavily in infrastructure. Although this sounds reassuring the reality is that most of the projects are still in the analysis stage and execution of public investments have proven to be ineffective. The airports and roads are congested, ports are clogged, the railroads are obsolete and the other forms of transportations are inadequate. The sales of light vehicles have been five times higher than that ten years ago thus increasing existing urban traffic. However the government does not seem to have recognized this, as the investments have not been in pace with the growing economic development. The inefficiencies created due to infrastructure bottlenecks subtract about 10-15% of the country’s GDP. Labor union: The employee interests in Brazil are protected by its constitution under the Consolidation of Labor Laws and the Social Security funding and Benefit Plan. There are mainly four labor unions in Brazil. Sindicato dos bancà ¡rios ( banker’s Assoscation) Sindicato dos metalà ºrgicos ( metal workers’ assosciation) Sindicato dos comercià ¡rios ( Commerce Workers’ Assosciation) Sindicato dos professores (Teachers’ Union) The labor unions for liberal professionals are not very well known due to its small number of participants. Every labor union is associated with one of the three main organizations: CUT- Central à ºnica dos Trabalhadores Conlutas- Central Sindical e Popular- Coordenaà §ao Nacional de Lutas Forà §a Sindical Financial Market: Capital Market: Brazil’s capital Market development is a key issue in fostering savings and investment. The savings and investment levels of Brazil as a percentage of GDP are very low. Thus developing the capital markets would provide incentive for savings and help in allocating the investments efficiently. Developing the liquid markets would also mean that the absorptivity capacity of the economy gets better. Most of Brazil’s capital markets are mainly focused on short term instruments. It can be seen that the yieldd curve is flat indicating that the short term interest rates are high and the degree of indexation of debt holders are high too. This flat yield curve contributes to a low secondary market turnover ratio thereby restricting overall market development. Equity Market: Brazil’s stock exchange is BOVESPA. The Brazilian equity market has been growing at a fast rate both in market capitalization and transaction volumes. The equity market capitalization of Brazil as percentage of its GDP was about 49.62% in 2011. This included investments form all kinds of investors like individuals, institutional investors, financial institutions and foreign investors. The NOVA MERCADO was a list of corporate governance practices that have to be followed by the companies that are trading on the BOVESPA in addition to the practices that are to be followed by the law. The NOVA MERCADO helped in raising the standards of corporate governance practices in the Brazilian companies. It brought transparency and minority shareholder protection as a requirement in the way the companies ran their organizations. Despite this the number of companies listed on the BOVESPA is very less. Especially industry composition in the stock exchange is focused only in some key areas. Ov erall the equity market development in Brazil is very low when compared to its neighbors and other developed countries (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, US, UK, Germany, China and Korea). Public Policies: Fome Zero: Foem Zero is a government program started by President De Silva in order to eradicate hunger and extreme poverty in Brazil. It covers a wide range of fields such as education by starting schools in remote areas, low cost restaurants ( similar to soup kitchens in the US), creating water cisterns in Brail’s semi-arid areas, educating people about healthy eating habits, distributing free medicine, eradicating malnutrition, and giving access to microcredit. There are a few criticisms about the program. Some experts say that the program did not take effective steps to combat the income inequality in Brazil. Bolsa Familia: Bolsa Familia is the largest social welfare program in the world. Around 26% of Brazil’s population benefit out of this program. About 13.8 million families are benefited by this scheme. It was under President De Silva under the Fome Zero program. The main aim of this program is to eradicate poverty and hunger in Brazil. Under this program, families below a certain income level receive cash payments from the government on the condition that the children be sent to school and vaccinated regularly. It has been 11 years since the program was started and it still continues to benefit most of Brazilian citizens. It gives 10 to 100 Euros per month depending on the income level of the family and the size of the family. Although the scheme has been beneficial to millions of family there are criticisms about its effect on productivity on the country. The scheme was able to pull most of Brazilian population out of poverty but there has been a decline in the factor productivity of the country. Criticisms: Although these programs have reduced the poverty levels significantly there have been criticisms that these programs are being used as an electoral strategy by the Workers’ party and there is no real benefit out of them. This shows that there is definite hierarchical work environment in organizations. Telecom Industry: The telecom sector is the most promising sector in Brazil. Brazil has modern technologies in the center and the south portion of the country but the north and the north eastern regions lack even the basic analog PSTN telephone lines. The government is trying to correct this. The total market revenue in the telecom industry is about $116billion. Within the telecom industry the telecom equipment market is the largest with a total market size of $13.674millions. Opportunities: The Brazilian market for telecommunications is expected to grow. The mobile market is on the verge of a boom. The number of Facebook and twitter users has increased vastly. Brazil has 50 million clients on Facebook, with a development rate of 144% for every year, making it the second biggest nation on Facebook after the U.S. The Apple Application Store in Brazil as of late started offering games in April 2012, and not just is Brazil now the greatest application advertises in Latin America, yet its year-on-year income outpaced the U.S. Application Stores income development. Brazilian application deals developed 83% in the most recent year, contrasted with 44% development in the U.S. Brazil positions sixth on the planet for App Store income development. Information expenses costs are dropping in Brazil as bearers offer aggressive estimating arrangements. With prepaid arrangements as the most famous model, the significant carriers are putting forth information plans from 20 to 25 cents for every day. A few carriers are actually offering no-charge access to information substantial administrations like versatile feature streaming. Because of government backing as barters that sway telecom transporters to buy 4G data transfer capacity at focused costs, Brazil is laying the preparation for across the board 4g right to gain entrance. Each of the four of Brazils significant telecom organizations acquired licenses for 4G rapid Internet capacities in the late closeout and have vowed to prepared their 4G systems by 2013, preceding the World Cup. Over the long run, these telecoms organizations are relied upon to offer 4g in all Brazilian urban communities with a populace of 100,000 or all the more by the end of 2016. Brazil is creating the conditions to have a prevailing portable market: the legislature is supporting new activities, imperative Oems have plants in the nation and the customer base is monstrous. As its put in the worldwide versatile business develops through the following few years, designers, ambitious people and gurus might be savvy to acquire a stake in this versatile outskirts before the aggressive scene gets immersed. Competitors: Akwan Information Technology AstraSat Global Village telecom TIM Brasil Brasil Telecom Intelig Telecom Oi Telecommunications Star One Why Brazil? : Brazil is one of the fast growing economies in the world. The huge population creates a large market for any kind of industry. Demand has already been created and any new product will be accepted. Although the economic growth has slowed down the upcoming infrastructure projects will give a reason for the investors to invest in the country. President Rousseff, after the june riots, has promised to spend about 50 million reais in infrastructure. Upcoming event like the 2014 Football World Cup and the 2016 Olympics will create a lot of job opportunities in the country. The property market is also booming as the livelihoods of people have become better they are not just satisfied with mediocre things but they crave for more thus generating ore demand for properties. Tourism is also a booming sector in Brazil. More specifically ecotourism is being vigorously promoted in Brazil and it is one of the world’s fast growing industries. Thus these reasons makes Brazil an attractive market for investment.

Etisalat and Total Quality Management (TQM)

Etisalat and Total Quality Management (TQM) Etisalat is one of the worlds largest telecommunication companies. It is the largest service provider of mobile facilities in United Arab Emirates. Etisalat claims to have almost a 100 million customers. The company is providing service in UAE, in Africa and now also in Asia. Etisalat has a profit of almost 8 billion dollars. Etisalat has also diverged into being on of United Arab Emirates largest internet providers. It is not only providing internet accessibility to customers but also to other companies who are in the same business. It is United Arab Emirates largest voice carrier and it is also Africas largest voice carrier.  Etisalat has roaming facilities in at least 186 countries around the world. Etisalat was founded in 1976. In 1983 , 60% of the share was bought over by the United Arab Emirates government and 40% share was sold in the open market. In 1991 it got the permission to provide wired and unwired telecommunication services within United Arab Emirates and also in other countries. During this time itself, the company got the license to produce, import or export tele-communication equipments. This step made Etisalat the monopoly over tele communication business in the United Arab Emirates. This not only started fetching the government huge revenues but it also developed the mobile sector of tele-communication and other tele-communication sectors in United Arab Emirates. It was a major achievement in this sector for the country. The companys profit grew to more than 80% and almost 700000 phone lines in the country are now owned by Etisalat. In 2001 Etisalat opened up its international ventures and it started business in Islamabad. Etisalat is the 6th largest company of United Arab Emirates and is the worlds 40th largest enterprise. It is United Arab Emirates largest revenue earner after the oil and gas industry. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT- AN INTRODUCTION: W. Edwards Deming was the person who invented the TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT concept. Total quality management refers to maximising customer satisfaction by minimising the errors. It involves optimal utilisation of resources. It involves training of employees to the maximum possible level. The most important aspect of Total Quality management is that it involves that the errors in production are removed completely. It involves giving the best to the customer. To give the best to the customer everything should be perfect in an organisation. The organisations functioning should be 100% so that the customer can as an end result get 100%. TQM is basically a set of functions which if performed shall ensure that all the customers expectations are exceeded or met. ETISALAT AND TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT APPROACH: Total quality management approach has become very important in todays world. All customers want better than the best for their money. Todays customer is not easily satisfied. Etisalat has been wise enough to recognise this new emerging trend. Etisalat believes that quality is the key to overcome competition in todays modern market. More and more organisations all around the world are looking up to quality production for overcoming competition. The total quality management field is a new field. It is still developing. Etisalat has developed its own ways of quality measurement with passage of time. Etisalat believes that quality improvement is a continuous process. You can never stop improving the quality of the product or service that you are providing. Quality is the essence of any product or service. Total quality management has become very important for Etisalat over the past few years. There has to be a continuous flow of improvements in the services being provided if proper benef its of total quality management are to be realised. Although it must be noted here that Etisalat does not depend on total quality management for satisfying the needs of its customers and for achieving its target. Total quality management does not solve any managerial issues. (hashmi) Total quality management only seems to cater to the problem of customer satisfaction. Etisalat has customised its total quality management approach in such a way that it gives a purpose to the company to move ahead and develop its product more not only for the satisfaction of the customer but also for the overall development of the company including the increase in profits agenda. Although at the beginning Etisalat had some problems in adopting this new total quality management approach but then it realised that the economic conditions everywhere are changing and sooner or later the company had to make itself more customer oriented. Etisalats internet providing services were the first to adopt the total quality management approach. Soon the company started seeing positive changes. The actual number of new connections also got increased. After realising the positive affect of Total quality management the same was applied to the mobile service providing sector also. Etisalat also realised that one way to successfully apply the total quality management approach was to improve the quality of equipments being used to provide the services. Earlier the marketing agenda of the company was that it was providing services at the lowest possible cost. Now the agenda is providing the best quality at the lowest price. And this approach has shown tremendous positive results. Moreover the problems should be sorted out as soon as they are found. One should not wait for meetings and discussions to get over them get over the problems as soon as they are found. This is also a relatively new concept which has emerged from total quality management. (hashmi) Proper training of employees is the essence of the total quality management approach. The best possible training needs to be given to the employees for the best possible results. Training enhances the capacity to work. It allows the employees to work on a level which is higher than what they can work on. (stark) The training should be given with regards to the requirements of the job that the employee has to do. Etisalat is using the latest technology available in the market to provide to the market the mobile services. Although it increases the capital requirements and cost of the company, but the customers get the best possible services and moreover running cost or cost of providing services is reduced substantially. Etisalat has picked up a new theory from total quality management, this theory involves that the company shouldnt function on the basis of increasing the number of customers, it should work on improving the quality of the services it is providing, and the customers wil l be attracted on their own if the services being provided are of the best quality. The company should hire only the best educated for properly applying the total quality method. Moreover the company in return should arrange for proper education facilities to the community. This will ultimately help the company itself in the long run. The truth is that Total quality management does not create the quality but it creates the process. Total quality management involves a complete change in the working culture of the people. (stark) It emphasises only and only on quality. The employees at Etisalat had some problem in adopting this new method of working, but as soon as they realised that this was the correct way ahead and it would be giving great rewards in the future they readily accepted it. Etisalats management decided that not only the basic product should be of quality the extra add-ons should also be of the best possible quality. Etisalats management decided that total quality manag ement should be so well adopted by the company that there should be no margin for error at all. Whatever the company is giving to its customers it should be of the best quality, no one else in the market should be giving something or anything better than what Etisalat could provide for. PROBLEMS OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT APPROACH: Since total quality management is comparatively a new approach people are still working on it. All the firms who are trying to adopt this approach face problems while applying this approach. (stark) Each and every firm tries to explore with this new approach. The management at Etisalat has also introduced its own variations in this approach. One of the major problems which were faced by the mangers at Etisalat was the problem of measurement. There is no proper way which has been developed as of now that can measure the change in quality. It has been hard to measure the proper affects of change due to quality. Managers found it hard to measure whether the changes made in the working of the firm due to the total quality management approach were bringing positive or negative results; they ultimately had to refer to the number game to find the effects of total quality approach. Total quality approach on the other hand emphasises the attention of people away from the numbers to quality. T otal quality management is next to useless if it cannot be measured. The change in results must be measured if total quality management approach has to become successful. Moreover it was being realised that it was easier for the middle management and lower working class employees to adjust to the total quality management approach but the upper management at Etisalat found it hard to do so. This was so because upper management was used to working with numbers. It was hard for the top managers and the owners of the company to shift the very approach towards business. They had to change their very beliefs in business. Although total quality management is supposed to decrease costs, but in reality the management at Etisalat found that implementing this approach had infact increased the cost of providing services. Moreover it was found that businesses who are well established like Etisalat and they do not want to innovate a lot also face problems in applying the total quality approach me thod. Total quality management approach also increased the companys capital expenditure as it involved getting the best in line equipments. This involves investing huge amounts of money and maybe some smaller companies may not be able to do so. Moreover after applying the total quality management approach the company had to spend hugely on advertisement to let the world know of its change in approach towards business. The cost of the final service provided was also increased after applying the total quality management approach. The management tried very hard to avoid increase in price but as we all know that the best comes at a price so this increase in price was unavoidable for the people at Etisalat, and many customers did not approve of the change in costs. RESULTS AND METHOD OF IMPLEMENTING TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT BY ETISALAT: Etisalat was able to identify a lot of things after implementing total quality management approach. It realised that the approach like all other approaches had both positive and negative effects on the functioning of the company, and also it had double effects on the final figures of the company, although surprisingly this approach had many more positive effects than it had negative ones. It was found that this approach affected everyone who worked for the company. Total quality management approach was completely based on team work. Team work was the essence of total quality management. It was although hard to implement because in such a large corporation as Etisalat it was hard to make everyone co-operate with everyone else. Moreover the management realised that it was actually hard for them to remove their attention from the number game and completely focus it on quality management. It was hard to find on the basis of quality that the firm was underperforming or was doing better th an before. It was later found out after a few months of application if total quality management approach that there was a significant increase in the actual numbers of customers. Also there was less number of complaints now. Application of total quality management approach is a hard job; moreover it challenges the very foundation of principles of management of business. Business success before and up till very recently was completely based on numbers, the higher the numbers the better it was. The quality hardly mattered. Whatever sold was considered to be of the best quality. With the application of total quality management everything changed. It did not matter anymore to the management at Etisalat whether the numbers increased or decreased they had to concentrate completely on the quality of services that they were employed to provide. This quality had to be the best. It was a heavy task as it had two aspects attached to it. The first was to actually start providing the best servic es to the people. This included changing various technological equipments, it involved changing the basic equipments used as raw materials, everything every equipment that the company used should be of the best quality, until and unless this happens it would be hard to give the best possible end result. Secondly the customers needed to be informed in the change of policies of the company. This in itself was a humungous task. The management at Etisalat was unsure that whether the customers would take this approach in a positive manner or not. It had to be conveyed to the public that there was a major change which would take place in the way the company functioned. This was very hard because Etisalat has almost 1 billion customers all around the world. But the top management of Etisalat was able to carry out this task properly. Company is now successfully providing the best possible services to its 1 billion customers whether in the tele-communication sector or in the internet service providing sector. CONCLUSION: Total quality management is more of a discipline than anything else. It is concluded that quality is the end product of all the activities undertaken in the total quality management approach. It involves a complete change in the outlook of producers and service providers. It changes their emphasis from mass selling to quality selling. Followers of total quality management believe that providing quality product or service will automatically lead to increased sales. It is important to understand here that providing quality products should not mean that the price of such product can be sky high, the approach should be such that the best quality product should be provided at the best possible price. The pricing should be correct because even if the product is the best in the market but it is overpriced it will not sell. Therefore this involves the working of financial analysts with total quality management approach experts. A balance between the two approaches must be struck. Etisalat ha s understood the importance of total quality management approach. The management of Etisalat are working more and more towards this approach now. They are also trying to communicate this change in their policies in the best possible ways to their customers. The customers have become very demanding all over the world these days and total quality management approach seems to be the only possible way to satisfy the needs of the modern customer.

A Doll’s House and Fathers and Sons Essay -- Comparative, Ibsen, Tur

Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons reflect two unique societal struggles. While both texts deal with a main character attempting to overcome society’s resistance to progress, they delineate from each other in the characters’ relative successes as well as divergent societal implications. The formal cause of these differences is ultimately societal mores as well as contrasting aims: Ibsen deals with feminism, whereas Turgenev discusses nihilism. However, both novels were written in the 19th century and dealt with local issues, where the implications beyond their respective societies were disregarded. Hence, these two texts both play an important role in their respective societies. However, these two texts are harbingers for two contrasting revolutions, where A Doll’s House and Fathers and Sons feature enlightened and darkened protagonists respectively. While both Ivan Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons and Ibsen’s A D oll’s House challenge traditional society’s thoughts and beliefs, the diction, character arcs, author’s tone and exposition reflect contrasting opinions on the successes of the two revolutionary attempts. Both Ibsen’s and Turgenev’s texts vary in the use and role of foreign languages. While Pavel Petrovich, a main character in Fathers and Sons, is a xenophile, the experiences of Nora Torvald in A Doll’s House are very limited. Pavel’s love of foreign cultures is portrayed through his use of French words, whereas Nora lacks worldly understanding and thusly lives in the proverbial doll’s house. Pavel describes liberalism as ‘trà ¨s distinguà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and says ‘bon soir’ when he goes to bed, whereas Nora emphasises the need â€Å"to reach any [some] understanding of herself and the things around her, she must learn to stand... ...e relatable to the popular audience. The two main characters – Bazarov and Nora – progress society to very different degrees. This is reflected by the absence of character development in Nikolai and Pavel as well as the radical changes in Nora’s persona. Nora’s power over Helmer contrasts how Russian society prevails over Bazarov. While Bazarov becomes sick and infirm, Nora asserts her independence over her familial duties. Ultimately, the degree of resolution of the two problems – female subordination and serfs’ indolence – varies between the two texts. While Arkady fails to address the serfs’ dissatisfaction, Nora emerges out of her doll’s house with an inquisitive mind. Therefore, Ivan Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons and Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House use the four aforementioned elements to contrast the relative successes and implications of the attempted revolutions.

Essay --

Luis Soto Professor Santos Quià ±ones Appreciation of Hispanic Literature December 16, 2013 â€Å"El delantal blanco† â€Å"El delantal blanco† (1964) por Sergio Vodanović Pistelli es parte de una trilogà ­a en la comedia â€Å"Vià ±a † y es un ejemplo de la crà ­tica social en la sociedad. Vodanović nacià ³ en 1926 en Split, Chile y frecuentemente escribià ³ obras sobre la crà ­tica social y la claramente definida funcià ³n social esperada de las mujeres. Unos ejemplos de sus obras son â€Å"El prà ­ncipe azul† (1947), â€Å"No es honorable† (1952), y â€Å"Mi mujer necesita marido† (1953), entre muchos otros. No sà ³lo fue un dramaturgo, pero tambià ©n fue un abogado, periodista, crà ­tico de teatro, profesor y guionista. A travà ©s de sus muchas obras, fue el ganador tres veces del Premio de la Ciudad de Santiago y tambià ©n fue un miembro de la Academia Chilena de Bellas Artes (Friedman 310). En las obras de Vodanović, la crà ­tica social es prominente. Muchos de sus piezas critican y se burlan de las clases alta, la hipocresà ­a y el socio-econà ³mico corrupto. Esto es el caso de la obra â€Å"El delantal blanco† donde vemos el tema de desdoblamiento y la dualidad de ser. Los protagonistas son La Seà ±ora, una mujer rica de la clase alta y su Empleada, obviamente de la clase baja, que se hace evidente por su delantal blanco. Los personajes secundarios son Avarito, el hijo de la seà ±ora, algunos jà ³venes, y un caballero distinguido. En la exposicià ³n, el dramaturgo nos introduce a las protagonistas que està ¡n en la playa con Avarito. A travà ©s de las acotaciones escritas, el dramaturgo establece la escena. El plano textual se establece a travà ©s del dià ¡logo entre los personajes y tambià ©n a travà ©s de las acotaciones. Para analizar esta comedia, es necesario comprender los sucesos en la obra. La ... ...e la sociedad en â€Å"El delantal blanco† solamente percibe las apariencias irreales y externas. Citaciones Cortà ©s, Eladio, and Mirta Barrea-Marlys. Encyclopedia of Latin American Theater. Westport, CT: Greendwood, 2003. Print. Ihrie, Maureen, and Salvado A. Oropesa. World Literature in Spanish: An Encylopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011. Print â€Å"Julio Duran Cerda – El Teatro Chileno De Nuestros Dà ­as.† Julio Duran Cerda – El Teatro Chileno De Nuestros Dà ­as. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2013. â€Å"Sergio Vodanović | Lugar De Coincidencia En Internet | Cyclopaedia.net.† Sergio Vodanović | Lugar De Coincidencia En Internet | Cyclopaedia.net. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. Virgillo, Carmelo, Edward Friedman, and Teresa Valdivieso. "El Drama: Sergio Vodanović." Aproximaciones Al Estudio De La Literatura Hispanica. New York: McGraw Hill, 2012. 310-18. Print.

Notes

The freshmen ‘Imports' arrived at Yale on Sunday. It says as much on the blue tee shirts that can be seen all over campus, worn by the Incoming International class of 2018. The international students have arrived a week earlier than their American peers, as a part of OSI (Orientation for International Students), a Yale program designed to make the transition into American culture as easy as possible. The program is certainly a necessity, as last year, non-American scholars made up 18% of Yale's student body, according to a 2014 census by Yale's Office of Institutional Research.Now, some of those students are helping the new ones settle Into the campus and learn about the surroundings. Advances Tendon, a rising sophomore, is an OSI councilor this year. The councilors take students on tours, talk to them about their academic choices, and even set up scavenger hunts for them all over campus. â€Å"In the evenings we do icebreakers,† says Tendon, â€Å"To help build a sense of an international community here. † He says he's glad he can help, as he knows how many of the new students feel. â€Å"l was very nervous when I first came, as I'm sure they are too.There's his Idea that American students have a head start, and I think OSI definitely helps international students to catch up, and settle into and adopt the culture. † Tendon is right in saying that many students are nervous when they first arrive. Yonder Sharpe, from Katmandu, says she feels a bit overwhelmed by everything. â€Å"For me, and a lot of other people I think, the American way of life is very different than we are used to. † Yonder Isn't alone In her culture shock. For Andre Melt, an Incoming freshman, the food and weather will be hard to get used to. â€Å"The weather Is more dry here.It's humid in Brazil, and I'm really concerned about the winter here; lye heard it's very hard. † A student from Singapore, who wished to remain anonymous, is nervous for slight ly different reasons. â€Å"I'm not familiar with the slang here? I didn't know what ‘hell dope' and ‘Rachel' meant before I got to Yale. † However, the transition Isn't all that nerve-racking. The students have also been having a lot of fun. Luck Eros, from Budapest, Is amazed by all the people she's been meeting. â€Å"l think it's crazy how we come from so many different places around the world, and we've all ended up here at Yale together.I am really excited for the year, and to meet more people. † Edwin Prince, from Sacra, feels the same way. â€Å"l have learned so much, not Just from my councilors, but from the other students, who come from all over the world. I want to do a lot of extra curricular activities, to try new things, and meet new, Interesting people. † So far, the students have been getting to know the town, and the services and facilities that Yale provides. Roy Random, from Zombie, and Laurence Bushfire's, from London, were on th eir way to the Yale Health Center. â€Å"l Just opened a POP Box, and a bank account,† said Roy.We've also taken a tour of Yale, and it looks very interesting. I am expecting to have a lot of fun here. † According to Yuppie Guy, a takes some getting used to. â€Å"At first, I was not used to the whole social scene at Yale, because I'm from a fairly conservative area in China,† said Yuppie about her freshmen experience. â€Å"Now I have found my balance between the extremes of social life and my school work. † Guy advised the incoming freshman to, â€Å"Be proud of who you are, but be accepting of other cultures. Stick to your principles but be flexible. All of the incoming students are going to have a great year ahead. â€Å" Notes Dual processionals is the ability of users to create their own personal accounts but can also look at other users profile as well. In other words, Mejia is saying that social networks can be used in the users favor as well as the user's friend's favor. For example, people create their own personal Backbone account to show others their lifestyle while at the same time keeping touch with their friends and family by viewing other people's profiles and commenting on it. Another example is Mainstream here people can post pictures of their everyday lives.At the same time, their newsfeed would be filled with other people's everyday lives. This explains how social media work in both ways (or â€Å"dual† ways) by letting the user be aware of other peoples life as well as other people being aware of the users life. 2. In our society, everyone raises charity or causes through social media. It is the biggest platform of advertising since everyone can find it and sees it as long as it show s on his or her newsfeed (and most of the time, it's free! It is very effective and quick in the way that it spreads the word very fast. For example, charity can use celebrities that support their cause to post about them in their social media accounts. Most celebrities have millions of followers and subscribers, which mean if they post something, it can reach out to millions immediately. Liking something on Backbone would definitely help spread the word out faster, however donating money to an organization is more helpful than spreading the word.For example, spreading he word does not necessarily mean that everyone who sees it would donate money to the organization. Hence saying, liking the charity on backbone and donating money to the charity is not the same thing. Lastly, raising awareness can be considered the same as contribution since people are contributing to the cause by telling more people about it. 3. Social inclusion and exclusion is significant because even though peopl e can post anything they want, there are still people online that protects the users from being harmed.For example, personal information would not be released to the public unless that person chooses to. Furthermore, sometimes when someone post inappropriate stuff online, the administrator will delete it in order to protect the public from seeing the harmful post. Some consequences will include the delete of the post as well as arrest if it is illegal. For example, if someone post a video of themselves doing illegal drugs, it is most likely that the police will track them down and arrest them for the inappropriate video as well as raising awareness for the drug. Notes This past summer I went paintball a couple of times with my friends and after that I did almost nothing Just work I work at pizza hut. I also went fishing to ports Mansfield we caught about two, three fishes we were there then we went back home stopped by McDonald's got some hamburgers went home got some sleep. I did almost nothing this summer because I mostly slept.If any I went to go out to go eat, watched one movie at the movies, Dawn of the rise of the planet of the apes. There is nothing I did after that Just work, work, and work. This summer I tried to go to the beach rent a condo there stay a couple of night but my truck broke down so this summer I Just worked to pay that. There really isn't any other thing I did Just stay at home this next summer I want to plan to not stay In the valley I want to go up north anywhere is better than here In my opinion. Notes Some difference though is that France really has more 40-49 year olds, while Kenya has plenty of younger children, and Poland has more 30 year olds. 2. In this lesson, you studied countries with various types of population growth. Based on the information in the lesson and what you learned from the assessment, what conclusions can you draw about the characteristics of rapidly growing countries, countries with moderate growth, and shrinking countries?They are all around the same it's Just with different environments makes deferent things happen so that's really how all of them are different. 3. Based on the data in your pyramid, what might you expect the pyramid to look Like In five years? In 10 years? In 50 years? I think based on the current population pyramid and the ages If this Is a continuous pattern then It should be the name in five years, in 10 years, and even in 50 years, as long as the numbers are country future. What problems might each country face if its population trend s continue?For France I believe if there was a war to go on they might not be able to survive it since they have many 40-49 year old and they would only be able to help for so long before they give up. 5. What are the implications of each type of pyramid structure? Poland population pyramid would be classified as a Constrictive population pyramid since it displays lower numbers or percentages of younger people. Their population growth is negative. Kenya population pyramid would be classified as a Concave population because it is indicating a high death rate.France would be classified as stationary or near-stationary population pyramids display somewhat equal numbers or percentages for almost all age groups. Their population growth is neutral or stable. 6. Think about the demographics of your town or state. What shape do you think a population pyramid of your town or state would have and why? I think Florida population pyramid would be classified as stationary or near- stationary pop ulation pyramids display somewhat equal numbers or percentages for almost all age groups. Notes Management structure – very Important to know a) Tactical MGM. – guide operational MGM. B) Operational MGM. (aka middle MGM. ) gets information from non-MGM. C) I. E. In a bank I) Non-MGM. = tellers and customer service reps. II) Operation MGM. – Nilsson statement, business objectives, business government, business compliance, business. Function, business rules, & business process. 2) 80/20 RULE – people who bring 80% of business needs more attention than the customers that bring 20% of your business. Leader Manager Oversee operationsGuidance Communication Problem solvers Business success rate Reporting to DRY Patience Oversee operations Patience Check ups/Check lists Time constraints Business functions Business compliance More customer facing Understanding strengths/Weakness of employees Assigns task Weekly/Monthly Forecasts Business improvement Organization/Financial Hiring/Firing SOOT Strength weakness opportunities and threats How to do a SOOT analysis : Stakeholders presents – need best perspectives. Formal meeting – impartial facilitator present Capture data Strength vs. weaknesses – internalOpportunities vs. threats – external Book reading notes: The dominant view in management theory and society in general is that managers are directly responsible for an organization's success or failure. We call this perspective the omnipotent view of management. In contrast, others have argued that much of an organization's success or failure is due to external forces outside managers' control. This perspective is called the symbolic view of management. Class notes: -BCC – Business continuity planning Planning for critical crisis – I. E. 9/1 1, earthquakes, etc.Case study – Gold Bank – consumer bank – have checking and savings accounts 35 branches in CA – Ranked on monthly performance – Top 4 branches – went through 1 year management training I was hired by g old bank with a 12-month training Hired as branch manager in top 4th bank Bank lost manager 6 months ago – was fired for money fraud Compose an email with an introduction of myself – formally to employees. Notes Is a unique activity that adds value, expends resources, has beginning and end dates, and ass constraints and requirements that include scope, cost, schedule performance, resources, and value. Project – has goals and objectives. Project – is a set of activities to solve a problem or take advantage of an opportunity The resulting groups of activities are called phases of a project Activities In construction, computer networking, telecommunications, software placement, and new product development are considered projects. Stockholders Include: o Payer – Individuals & businesses as well as gobo organizations o Providers – hospitals, Integrated delivery networks and Individual clans purchasers – groups who aggregate healthcare products and services for dilution's Fiscal Intermediaries – insurers, Homo's, and pharmacy benefit managers Project managers task is to coordinate deployment of a product or new releases, coordinate testing of such new prod ucts and releases, and coordinate pilots with potential product users. Construction projects are often time consuming.They require several phases and may involve o Financial organizations o Government agencies Engineers Architects Insurance companies Attorneys Contractors Material Suppliers Builders An organization that performs an innovative task is different from an organization that performs routine tasks. 3 dimensions that encompass all aspects of technology o Complexity- refers to the number of products or operations that are performed at the same time and resulting degree of difficulty o Interdependence – refers to the extent to which the items or elements upon which work is performed or the work processes themselves are interrelated. Uncertainty – refers to the variability In the process of transformation of inputs to outputs or In the Inputs themselves. Technology may be viewed as being composed of three modes o Mechanical Technical Human Each of the 3 modes po ssesses 3 dimensions Integration Regulation Sophistication Each of the 3 dimensions can be mapped Sophistication to complexity o Regulation to uncertainty Notes The southern colonies in the seventeenth century -Rapid population growth – 1580-1650-3. 5 -5 million Growth strains farming economy Completion drives up process Landless poor beginning wandering the roads Ruling classes sees this as a a threat Social problems Poor population becomes mobile. Influx to Bristol , Liverpool, London Crowded unsanitary conditions In England Many die Many migrate to Ireland , Holland Big point people migrate to America for many reasons. Religious freedom escape from c/o/e desire for land Escape -Jail marriage, debt English In the Chesapeake Original Goal -Trading postsFirst attempts= Mobile/ merchants ventures Different from Spanish / French Joint stock companies No personal allowably More autonomy Huge Failure Jamestown settlement Merchant organized settlement 1607-104 sent crops , goods, and gold Land in swampy areas- not good No freshwater Did not plant crops Quickly die -38/104 left after 9 months Constant struggle to survive Cannibalism, desper ation, horrible existence Death tolls stay high Disease and malnutrition land incentives to get continued migration Remains a struggling colony Indian War of 1622 Increased migration leads to problems w/natives Algonquin natives not happyLand hungry English and conversion attempts Packinghouse attacks Kills 347 English, 1/3 of population English 10 years of warfare Massacres Sold pop's into captivity James 1=1 alarmed, revokes VA. Co. Charter Jamestown now a royal colony Tobacco saves Virginia John Role Milder tobacco Tobacco?east to grow Sets of English tobacco book Tobacco , not trade saves VA Originally small farms After 1650- Wealthy create large estates Potential Problem? Indentured servants Tobacco boom sets off wave of migration Landowners need workers Solution= indentured servants 80% of migrants in 16th centuryAlmost all poor whites Migration= 2 steps progress Indenture agents set up contracts Contracts purchased by land owners in North America 3/4=0. 75 men 15-25, no skill s Leading to gender imbalance in Chess. Conditions for servants Many sold multiple times Greatly exploited Brutal conditions Time added for small infractions Beating/ long hours Men needed permission to marry Women cannot marry until end of contract Children= 2 years added Moss never escaped contract 1/2 die before end of contract only 1/4 get property Lord Baltimore and Catholics in Maryland Charles 1 Maryland Refuge of Catholics ProblemToleration Acts of 1649- religious freedom to everyone Long term significance Chesapeake Society Young single men Poor or middle class farmers 6 to 1 men to women Fatal Disease and bad water Life expectancy 43 25% infant mortality P reach adulthood Lots of death, short marriages , remarriages orphaned child. Main goal= tobacco Wealth disparity Servants/poor farmers Planters dominate all of society GoGoboinances public offices Underfed, ununderclothes1115; harsh punishment, personal restrictions Rich get richer Slaves Gap widens BaBaconRebellion Back ground Situation in Virginia Landowner success Lucrative middlemenGOGOBBerkeley 1642-1652, 1660 Corrupt Nepotism Wealth?power SuSusquehannaegotiated settlements Good foe wealthy Poor farmers Feel exploited Land hungry Attack Rough militia?unauthorized farmers Massacre SuSusquehannaetaliation GoGobBerkeley- wants peace Nathaniel Bacon- decides to fight for poor farmers. Bacon rebellion BaBaconrmy-lash out, attacking native settlements BeBarley'sesponse-arrests Bacon BaBaconrmy attack the VA capital and force his release BaBaconrmy also force legislative elections Political reforms Less governor power Voting Rights to landless free men Not a complete fixBacon fights on Army of 400 burns Jamestown Bacon dies, movement ends Very important moving forward Colonial gogobo'sake up Power sharing, need to avoid corruption Stop using indentured servants Slavery Slave Trade 1 . Slavery in Chesapeake vsvs.slSlaveryn I inIndiesaribbean i.IWealth determined by large farms i'I Brazil, W. inIndiesii . Small slave pop in Chesapeake (pre-1700) 1) Slowly grows 2) Indentured-more expensive 3) Natives makes bad slaves 4) 1720 20%, 1740 5) Slavery defined in racial terms 2. Slavery Labor system i.IBaBaconebellion-English use African slave trade it. Cannot use native Americans ii.Spanish and port using African Americans lvlbChesapeake shifts after BaBaconebellion 3. Africans and the slave trade i.IDeDevastatedfrica 1) 1550-1870 11 million 2) Changed demographics 3) Financial shifts 4) Religion 5) Not new 6) Sex imbalance 7) Shifting meaning of marriage and family 4. The middle passage i.I3 steps of the slave trade it. Journey to the coast iii. Ships 1) Overcrowded 2) Disease 3) Food 4) Confinement 5) Death 5. Slavery in the west inIndiest. Harsh labor Hot climate iii. ‘v. Economics-easier to kill slaves and buy now ones. v.VNo Interests in Slave Families/ female slaves v'.Food Supply problems 6. Slavery in the Chesapeake i.IBaBaconebellion it. Tobacco Revolution iii. coCoreart o f society ‘v. Racial Definition of slavery v. Better in Chesapeake than w. lnLenses) Longer lives 2) Lighter Labor 3) Climate 4) Disease 5) Smaller profits a) Slaves stay alive b) Female slaves 6) Much worse in s. Carolina a) Rice Swamps i)IDangerous and exhausting i'I Mosquitoes iii) Irrigation 7. African Communities i.ICultural Mixing it. Owners like diversity iii. Tribal identity ‘v. Community 1) Friendship 2) Intertribal marriage a) Common Languages b) English, Gullah etc,†¦ . Kinship Networks ) Pass on names traditions knowledge 2) Key of any culture 3) Distinct culture 4) Some old practices disappear 5) Hairstyles , artwork, pottery 6) Values persist 7) Muslims beliefs 8) Spiritualism 8. Resistance and accommodations i.ILimits lilieHarsh penalties ‘v. Some Flee 1) Wild areas 2) Natives 3) Freemen] v. Improved conditions v'. Rebellions vievilStStoneebellions= 1) Spanish gogob) Aid empire 3) English rivalry 4) War 5) Rebellion 6) Long Term Impact 9. Econom ic Regulation i.ITobacco makes the colonies profitable it. English GoGoboants control iii.Mercantile 1) Euro powers in fierce competitions ) Control of resources 3) Eliminate trade of rivals 4) Protect trade from France Holland 5) Increase trade, eliminate competition ‘v. Navigation act 1) Only American/ English ships 2) rule 3) Raw materials must go to England a) Tobacco, sugar, cotton , indigo, rice molasses b) Forced trade monopoly c) Eliminates exported to France , Holland d) Forces England Goods v. Navigation acts- not popular v'. Taxes cut profits vii. No competitions viii. Small planters hunt ‘x. Smuggling x. Parliament crack down x'. Pattern 10. Spanish south west i.INorthern Spanish colonies – struggling it. Small, not popular , hard to farm iii. Spanish recruit missionaries 1) Conversion= part of the Spanish mission in 2) Way to cheaply maintain land claims 3) Thousands baptized, but also leads to revolt i.IMissionaries forces natives to live in Civilize d manner 1) Shoes, euEurolothing , speaking English , a?Catholicism it. Natives forced to building churches iii. Force to pay tribute ‘v. Converted through coercive methods v. Natives unhappy with forced adoption of euEuroulture v'. Natives repeatedly revolt vii. Fail due to lack of unity among natives viii.Pope-organized coalition of tribes ‘x. Idea= expel Spanish , destroy all pieces of Catholicism 1) Destroy churches icons, crucifixes, missions 2) Destroy Spanish settlement kill 2/3 of missionaries x. Spanish driven out of NM x'. Spanish eventually return 1) Lessen missionary work and exploitative 2) Labor xii. Link to BaBaconebellion Chapter 4- the northern colonies in seventeenth century 1. Rise in protestant enEnglish. Martin creates 95 thesis i.IJohn caCalvinnd CaCalvinist. King heHenryIII- i.ICreates the church of England c. Queen elElizabeth.IMixture of protestant and catholic d. PiPiecesff the pupuritans.IPuPurifyhis church with cocontrolling PuPuritansettle in new enEngland. PuPuritansain out come was to have religious freedom! b.BBrought all of there family , permanent settlement to create a colony c. Plymouth Colony i.I1s1stttempt to colonization it. Sail over on may flower lands in modern day Massachusetts iii. 1s1stear very difficult ‘v. Environment was better to survive in no disease v. imImmediatelyegan farming [crops and builds settlements vii. Puritans had better political stability Self governed viii. Farmers and every one had rights d. John Winthrop and the mass. Bay colony i.IGets really big fast 1000 people comes every year. Bigger than Plymouth it. Representative political system helping to back pup there needs to survive iii. GoGobolanned out land distributions for everyone very organized and had own land to farm. Everyone votes. Power was shared in this colony more than others e. Roger wiWilliamsnd Rhode Island i.IDissident – people that disagree with certain things with the church/ meant church rule and state law were different things it. Separation at church at state to control religious toleration. So that churches couldn't control everything. f.FAnne Hutchinson i.IDissident it. Notes Kids deal with No I do not think this practice should continue. This is something that is not safe for kids so young, kids around this age should be in school learning new things making new friends having little study groups having sleep oversee they should not be thinking about making money if so not by working in a field that will make you sick to your stomach.No child should feel as if that's the way a real Job will be because it's not the way that it will feel like. It's bad enough young kids are already out here doing rugs not going to school to make it better they want to work a child until she passes out or not able to be the same as they were before they started working â€Å"l got heat exhaustion?vomiting, feel like my stomach was trying to come out of my body. † She said. They would bring me water and saltine crackers to settle my stomach until I got better and then back to work. † (Kids deal with)elf I was feeling this way I would tell the person I'm working f or have a good life but I may no longer work for you anymore. Your business is making me sick to my stomach and all you want me to do is work, ark, work and I get nothing from it but sickness and no sympathy from anyone.Kids shouldn't even be worried about money they don't have bills to pay things to do their main focus should be school and homework. â€Å"But that was Just the beginning. The adults she worked with were mean to her, she says, and when she was 14 she was sexually harassed. † (Kids deal with) you shouldn't feel uncomfortable where you are at you shouldn't let anyone touch you and let them get away with that. That should be another reason why I think this practice should not continue because It Is not safe for a child. Notes Lecture notes Singapore symbol Is Lion Ancestor Is Important Death starts In hell – purge Buddhism – Release from suffering Buddhism appeals to Chinese from several reasons Buddhism tolerance from other religions and ways of thought. No history of persecution No wars No establishing a holy kingdom Tolerance Accepted Confucianism and Taoism. Although Buddhism Is the way of truth. , Confucianism and Taoism taught moral value. Buddhist salvation lies beyond the mortal world. Does not depend on religious purity-Can accept other religion. Buddhism establishes charities to alleviate suffering.Buddhism inclusiveness. Equality and unity between all classes (social) Eliminate the caste system in India Foreign aliens in the Northern China accepted Buddhism because it was outside of Chinese thought ( Confirm and Dad) Alien barbarian rulers found equality from Buddhist beliefs, Buddhist claims of magical ability, -Folk religion- Magical ability of Buddhist powers appeals to the sup erstitious. Represented the superstitious aspect of Buddhism Buddhism had sutras- extensive literature good art Chinese people like this Elaborate rituals' Justice of Good and Evil. Karma Justice is liked by the BuddhistEnd: Confucianism still prevailed as the family ethic and state rationale. ‘ Confucianism as a moral code, family code, never faded. Religious sphere did not contend with Its rivals. Confucianism was the tie that bound all Chinese together. Whether through religion or Dillon. Parkland is the most practiced Buddhism True law or Doctrine 1000 years era of reflected law ( counterfeit Doctrine) Final Degeneration of the Law Final thought of austerity Goodness Final degeneration had began Only faith in the saving power of Buddha can assure salvation Salvation is rebirth into the Pure Land.Rich fertile comfortable land Lotus and fragrant flowers Filled with Gods and Human Kind. Devoid of denizens of hell Ghosts animals No Women in the pure land. Woman are thought to be impure Men are a higher form of being Teaching of compassion patience and tolerance is heard Anita God of parkland State of total nirvana Wanted to save other people to be enlightened Darkroom made 48 vows. 18th vow was promised release from suffering for all who at the moment of death desired enlightenment and who pray to him think favorably of him and pray to him .If he does not perform this salvation, may he not achieve perfect enlightenment Merit of the Buddha or the bodhisattva is transferable to all beings by faith in that Buddha. Gauguin – portrayed the female – most common bodhisattva as mercy. Human Founded parkland society in China- First patriarch Tanana 476-542 (530) Chant Matthias name (created it) Patriarch Douche( 563-645) Answered important questions about parkland. Does accumulated evil before death and you have 10 thoughts of Buddha does it cancel all evil. (a room may be dark for a thousand years but once light shines in it is as if darkness has n ever existed. What kind of concentration is required A lot Total and undivided concentration. 10 concentrated thoughts of Buddha is impossible without a memorable life If you are evil it is not something that is possible because you will have fear after death, Primary of activity before parkland say Buddha name (secondary Reading the Buddha scripture Worshipping Praising Parable of the white path. Someone is being pursued by a group of ruffians. He has to cross a river. The North river is pure fire. South is water Very narrow path of fire and water no more than three inches wide.IF he steps onto the path he fears of falling. However he must cross to get away. And he crosses. Parable of salvation through faith and beliefs. Cumin ( Spread Buddhism to the masses. Criticized meditation school Does not have evil or good in meditation meditation says the world is unreal no evil or good to be performed. Danna. Chinese Chain Japanese Zen Differences in methods of houses of Chain Ling Jell P urpose of meditation school: see ones nature and become Buddha. Intuitive method of spiritual training of realizing the realty of inner most recesses of ones souls. All beings have Buddha nature within us.We must discover our own Buddha nature. Meditation Meditation in the Lotus positions. Use of the Conga Use of anecdotes. Use of anecdotes counterintuitive to spontaneous intuition. Riddles and conundrums. O the students are supposed to regard these as learn for themselves using intuition. Experience of sudden enlightenment Meditation school Mind to mind transmission First transmission occurs from shamanic Sukiyaki smiles in understanding what bull First enlightenment Ultimate reality from meditation Buddhism – the ultimate reality is absolute truth. The mind of the Buddha. Present in all sentient beings.Always there always will be there . Most of us will not realize the absolute truth. Buddha is the universal blah blah blah†¦ The obstacles of achieving ones nature is ig norance and the folly O calm and tranquil and no self. Achieve this by intuition study of nature not through conscious effort Page 512. Hilt of sword. He does not have a self. Can not lay hold of himself because he doesn't have a self.? Self confidence means reliance on scripture. No dependence on ritual performances prayers. Relying on oneself to discover there is no self. Before you 6th patriarch Kappa mind to mind transmission Notes Lecture notes Singapore symbol Is Lion Ancestor Is Important Death starts In hell – purge Buddhism – Release from suffering Buddhism appeals to Chinese from several reasons Buddhism tolerance from other religions and ways of thought. No history of persecution No wars No establishing a holy kingdom Tolerance Accepted Confucianism and Taoism. Although Buddhism Is the way of truth. , Confucianism and Taoism taught moral value. Buddhist salvation lies beyond the mortal world. Does not depend on religious purity-Can accept other religion. Buddhism establishes charities to alleviate suffering.Buddhism inclusiveness. Equality and unity between all classes (social) Eliminate the caste system in India Foreign aliens in the Northern China accepted Buddhism because it was outside of Chinese thought ( Confirm and Dad) Alien barbarian rulers found equality from Buddhist beliefs, Buddhist claims of magical ability, -Folk religion- Magical ability of Buddhist powers appeals to the sup erstitious. Represented the superstitious aspect of Buddhism Buddhism had sutras- extensive literature good art Chinese people like this Elaborate rituals' Justice of Good and Evil. Karma Justice is liked by the BuddhistEnd: Confucianism still prevailed as the family ethic and state rationale. ‘ Confucianism as a moral code, family code, never faded. Religious sphere did not contend with Its rivals. Confucianism was the tie that bound all Chinese together. Whether through religion or Dillon. Parkland is the most practiced Buddhism True law or Doctrine 1000 years era of reflected law ( counterfeit Doctrine) Final Degeneration of the Law Final thought of austerity Goodness Final degeneration had began Only faith in the saving power of Buddha can assure salvation Salvation is rebirth into the Pure Land.Rich fertile comfortable land Lotus and fragrant flowers Filled with Gods and Human Kind. Devoid of denizens of hell Ghosts animals No Women in the pure land. Woman are thought to be impure Men are a higher form of being Teaching of compassion patience and tolerance is heard Anita God of parkland State of total nirvana Wanted to save other people to be enlightened Darkroom made 48 vows. 18th vow was promised release from suffering for all who at the moment of death desired enlightenment and who pray to him think favorably of him and pray to him .If he does not perform this salvation, may he not achieve perfect enlightenment Merit of the Buddha or the bodhisattva is transferable to all beings by faith in that Buddha. Gauguin – portrayed the female – most common bodhisattva as mercy. Human Founded parkland society in China- First patriarch Tanana 476-542 (530) Chant Matthias name (created it) Patriarch Douche( 563-645) Answered important questions about parkland. Does accumulated evil before death and you have 10 thoughts of Buddha does it cancel all evil. (a room may be dark for a thousand years but once light shines in it is as if darkness has n ever existed. What kind of concentration is required A lot Total and undivided concentration. 10 concentrated thoughts of Buddha is impossible without a memorable life If you are evil it is not something that is possible because you will have fear after death, Primary of activity before parkland say Buddha name (secondary Reading the Buddha scripture Worshipping Praising Parable of the white path. Someone is being pursued by a group of ruffians. He has to cross a river. The North river is pure fire. South is water Very narrow path of fire and water no more than three inches wide.IF he steps onto the path he fears of falling. However he must cross to get away. And he crosses. Parable of salvation through faith and beliefs. Cumin ( Spread Buddhism to the masses. Criticized meditation school Does not have evil or good in meditation meditation says the world is unreal no evil or good to be performed. Danna. Chinese Chain Japanese Zen Differences in methods of houses of Chain Ling Jell P urpose of meditation school: see ones nature and become Buddha. Intuitive method of spiritual training of realizing the realty of inner most recesses of ones souls. All beings have Buddha nature within us.We must discover our own Buddha nature. Meditation Meditation in the Lotus positions. Use of the Conga Use of anecdotes. Use of anecdotes counterintuitive to spontaneous intuition. Riddles and conundrums. O the students are supposed to regard these as learn for themselves using intuition. Experience of sudden enlightenment Meditation school Mind to mind transmission First transmission occurs from shamanic Sukiyaki smiles in understanding what bull First enlightenment Ultimate reality from meditation Buddhism – the ultimate reality is absolute truth. The mind of the Buddha. Present in all sentient beings.Always there always will be there . Most of us will not realize the absolute truth. Buddha is the universal blah blah blah†¦ The obstacles of achieving ones nature is ig norance and the folly O calm and tranquil and no self. Achieve this by intuition study of nature not through conscious effort Page 512. Hilt of sword. He does not have a self. Can not lay hold of himself because he doesn't have a self.? Self confidence means reliance on scripture. No dependence on ritual performances prayers. Relying on oneself to discover there is no self. Before you 6th patriarch Kappa mind to mind transmission Notes Kids deal with No I do not think this practice should continue. This is something that is not safe for kids so young, kids around this age should be in school learning new things making new friends having little study groups having sleep oversee they should not be thinking about making money if so not by working in a field that will make you sick to your stomach.No child should feel as if that's the way a real Job will be because it's not the way that it will feel like. It's bad enough young kids are already out here doing rugs not going to school to make it better they want to work a child until she passes out or not able to be the same as they were before they started working â€Å"l got heat exhaustion?vomiting, feel like my stomach was trying to come out of my body. † She said. They would bring me water and saltine crackers to settle my stomach until I got better and then back to work. † (Kids deal with)elf I was feeling this way I would tell the person I'm working f or have a good life but I may no longer work for you anymore. Your business is making me sick to my stomach and all you want me to do is work, ark, work and I get nothing from it but sickness and no sympathy from anyone.Kids shouldn't even be worried about money they don't have bills to pay things to do their main focus should be school and homework. â€Å"But that was Just the beginning. The adults she worked with were mean to her, she says, and when she was 14 she was sexually harassed. † (Kids deal with) you shouldn't feel uncomfortable where you are at you shouldn't let anyone touch you and let them get away with that. That should be another reason why I think this practice should not continue because It Is not safe for a child. Notes Lecture notes Singapore symbol Is Lion Ancestor Is Important Death starts In hell – purge Buddhism – Release from suffering Buddhism appeals to Chinese from several reasons Buddhism tolerance from other religions and ways of thought. No history of persecution No wars No establishing a holy kingdom Tolerance Accepted Confucianism and Taoism. Although Buddhism Is the way of truth. , Confucianism and Taoism taught moral value. Buddhist salvation lies beyond the mortal world. Does not depend on religious purity-Can accept other religion. Buddhism establishes charities to alleviate suffering.Buddhism inclusiveness. Equality and unity between all classes (social) Eliminate the caste system in India Foreign aliens in the Northern China accepted Buddhism because it was outside of Chinese thought ( Confirm and Dad) Alien barbarian rulers found equality from Buddhist beliefs, Buddhist claims of magical ability, -Folk religion- Magical ability of Buddhist powers appeals to the sup erstitious. Represented the superstitious aspect of Buddhism Buddhism had sutras- extensive literature good art Chinese people like this Elaborate rituals' Justice of Good and Evil. Karma Justice is liked by the BuddhistEnd: Confucianism still prevailed as the family ethic and state rationale. ‘ Confucianism as a moral code, family code, never faded. Religious sphere did not contend with Its rivals. Confucianism was the tie that bound all Chinese together. Whether through religion or Dillon. Parkland is the most practiced Buddhism True law or Doctrine 1000 years era of reflected law ( counterfeit Doctrine) Final Degeneration of the Law Final thought of austerity Goodness Final degeneration had began Only faith in the saving power of Buddha can assure salvation Salvation is rebirth into the Pure Land.Rich fertile comfortable land Lotus and fragrant flowers Filled with Gods and Human Kind. Devoid of denizens of hell Ghosts animals No Women in the pure land. Woman are thought to be impure Men are a higher form of being Teaching of compassion patience and tolerance is heard Anita God of parkland State of total nirvana Wanted to save other people to be enlightened Darkroom made 48 vows. 18th vow was promised release from suffering for all who at the moment of death desired enlightenment and who pray to him think favorably of him and pray to him .If he does not perform this salvation, may he not achieve perfect enlightenment Merit of the Buddha or the bodhisattva is transferable to all beings by faith in that Buddha. Gauguin – portrayed the female – most common bodhisattva as mercy. Human Founded parkland society in China- First patriarch Tanana 476-542 (530) Chant Matthias name (created it) Patriarch Douche( 563-645) Answered important questions about parkland. Does accumulated evil before death and you have 10 thoughts of Buddha does it cancel all evil. (a room may be dark for a thousand years but once light shines in it is as if darkness has n ever existed. What kind of concentration is required A lot Total and undivided concentration. 10 concentrated thoughts of Buddha is impossible without a memorable life If you are evil it is not something that is possible because you will have fear after death, Primary of activity before parkland say Buddha name (secondary Reading the Buddha scripture Worshipping Praising Parable of the white path. Someone is being pursued by a group of ruffians. He has to cross a river. The North river is pure fire. South is water Very narrow path of fire and water no more than three inches wide.IF he steps onto the path he fears of falling. However he must cross to get away. And he crosses. Parable of salvation through faith and beliefs. Cumin ( Spread Buddhism to the masses. Criticized meditation school Does not have evil or good in meditation meditation says the world is unreal no evil or good to be performed. Danna. Chinese Chain Japanese Zen Differences in methods of houses of Chain Ling Jell P urpose of meditation school: see ones nature and become Buddha. Intuitive method of spiritual training of realizing the realty of inner most recesses of ones souls. All beings have Buddha nature within us.We must discover our own Buddha nature. Meditation Meditation in the Lotus positions. Use of the Conga Use of anecdotes. Use of anecdotes counterintuitive to spontaneous intuition. Riddles and conundrums. O the students are supposed to regard these as learn for themselves using intuition. Experience of sudden enlightenment Meditation school Mind to mind transmission First transmission occurs from shamanic Sukiyaki smiles in understanding what bull First enlightenment Ultimate reality from meditation Buddhism – the ultimate reality is absolute truth. The mind of the Buddha. Present in all sentient beings.Always there always will be there . Most of us will not realize the absolute truth. Buddha is the universal blah blah blah†¦ The obstacles of achieving ones nature is ig norance and the folly O calm and tranquil and no self. Achieve this by intuition study of nature not through conscious effort Page 512. Hilt of sword. He does not have a self. Can not lay hold of himself because he doesn't have a self.? Self confidence means reliance on scripture. No dependence on ritual performances prayers. Relying on oneself to discover there is no self. Before you 6th patriarch Kappa mind to mind transmission